Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable metabolic derangement afflicting several millions of individuals globally. It is associated with several micro and macrovascular complications and is also a leading cause of mortality. The unresolved issue is that of definition of the diagnostic threshold for diabetes. The World Health Organization and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) have laid down several diagnostic criteria for diagnosing diabetes and prediabetes based on the accumulating body of evidence.This review has attempted to analyse the scientific evidence supporting the justification of these differing criteria. The evidence for diagnosing diabetes is strong, and there is a concordance between the two professional bodies. The controversy arises when describing the normal lower limit of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) with little evidence favouring the reduction of the FPG by the ADA. Several studies have also shown the development of complications specific for diabetes in patients with prediabetes as defined by the current criteria though there is a significant overlap of such prevalence in individuals with normoglycemia. Large multinational longitudinal prospective studies involving subjects without diabetes and retinopathy at baseline will ideally help identify the threshold of glycemic measurements for future development of diabetes and its complications.

Here an asymptotic study to the N-dimensional radial Schrödinger equation for the quark-antiquark interaction potential employing asymptotic iteration method via an ansatz to the wavefunction is carried out. The complete energy spectra of the consigned system is obtained by computing and adding energy eigenvalues for ground state, for large " r" and for small " r". From this analysis, the mass spectra of heavy quarkonia is derived in three dimensions. Our analytical and numerical results are in good correspondence with other experimental and theoretical studies.

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In this work, we analytically obtain the energy eigenvalues and normalized eigenfunctions of the radial Schrödinger equation in N-dimensional Hilbert space for the quark–antiquark interaction potential using the power series technique via a suitable ansatz to the wavefunction. From the energy eigenvalues, the mass spectra of heavy quarkonia in three dimensions are obtained. The problem is also solved numerically. The obtained analytical and numerical results are in good agreement with the existing results.

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Highly luminescent Li+ ion compensated Gd2O3:Eu3+ nanophosphors, a potential candidate for photonic applications.

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