BACKGROUNDThe present study is aimed to identify the various aetiological factors responsible for respiratory distress in newborn, their clinical presentation, appropriate management and also to study the immediate outcome.
BACKGROUND AND AIMSSubclinical cardiac dysfunction is present in many patients with cirrhosis and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality post-transplant. We tried to study the prevalence of cardiac dysfunction in cirrhotics and assess the relationship between pro-BNP as a marker of cardiac dysfunction and the severity of cirrhosis. We also evaluated the clinical aspects of cirrhosis and their relation to cardiac dysfunction.
BACKGROUNDIndia is one of the leading countries with more Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies in the world contributing significantly to more neonatal and infantile mortality rates. This study aims to identify the various maternal and obstetric risk factors leading to low birth weight in babies.
MATERIALS AND METHODSThis is a retrospective case control hospital-based comparative study conducted at neonatal intensive care unit, Department of Paediatrics and labour room, Department of Obstetrics attached to Guntur Medical College and Hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India from Sept. 2015 to Aug. 2016 over a period of 1 year. Anthropometric data and maternal risk factors of 250 LBW (< 2500 gm) babies and 250 normal birth weight (> 2500 gm) babies were selected randomly by using systematic randomisation method and compared after analysing the data recorded in a predesigned proforma by using the appropriate statistical methods, i.e. %, CHI 2 and regression statistics with SPSS 16 Software and results were documented in a tabular form using Fisher tables. Sample size was taken by using formula n = 4 pq/l 2 n = sample size, p = incidence (18.3), q = 100-p (81.7), l = allowable error that is 5%. So here n = 239, that is why we have taken 250 as a sample size for easy calculations.
RESULTSOur study shows that the Incidence of LBW is 18.03%. The statistically significant risk factors of mothers with LBW babies identified in our study are: Out of 250 mothers of LBW babies, 134 (53.6%) were aged < 20 years; 151 (60.4%) were < 145 cm by height; 32 (12.8%) were found to have preconception weight < 40 kg; maternal weight gain of < 7 kg was found in 59 (23.6%); 152 (60.8%) were anaemic; 42 (16.8%) had Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) and 19 (7.6%) had urinary tract infection.
CONCLUSIONThe overall prevalence of low birth weight in our study was 18%. The factors observed to be significantly associated with low birth weight in our study include maternal age < 20 years, maternal height < 145 cms, preconception weight < 40 kg, maternal weight gain < 7 kg during pregnancy and anaemia in the mother. The results of this study suggest that to reduce the low birth weight, health programme should focus on maternal nutrition and nutritional education to facilitate better weight gain during pregnancy and discourage pregnancy at early age. Early identification of anaemia and other maternal risk factors and their interventions with good antenatal care will decrease the low birth weight in India.
BACKGROUNDVariceal bleeding is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis and endoscopic examination is not accessible in most rural centers. The aim of the study is to identify the clinical, hematological, biochemical, and ultrasonographic parameters that predict the presence of large esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis.
Submission of an original paper with copyright agreement and authorship responsibility.I (corresponding author) certify that I have participated sufficiently in the conception and design of this work and the analysis of the data (wherever applicable), as well as the writing of the manuscript, to take public responsibility for it. I believe the manuscript represents valid work. I have reviewed the final version of the manuscript and approve it for publication. Neither has the manuscript nor one with substantially similar content under my authorship been published nor is being considered for publication elsewhere, except as described in an attachment. Furthermore I attest that I shall produce the data upon which the manuscript is based for examination by the editors or their assignees, if requested.Thanking you.
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