F-18 FDG PET/CT is a very sensitive and specific imaging tool in detecting and restaging recurrent breast carcinoma. It can be a very useful imaging tool for restaging locoregional recurrences, and as a one-stop shop imaging technique to confirm suspicious metastatic disease on conventional imaging and to define the total burden of disease.
This study shows an overall detection rate of 71% for PET/CT compared with 55% for CT in postoperative CRC patients with increasing CEA. PET/CT changes the management in half of the patients, highlighting the superior role of fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT scan over CT scan.
Problem statement:The increasing awareness of the environmental hazards and the alarming levels of air pollution have led to more restrictive regulations on engines emission control in recent years. Approach: The dwindling resources and rising cost of crude oil had resulted in an intensified search for alternate fuels. In the present study biodiesel (palm oil methyl ester) blends with diesel was investigated in a direct injection stationary diesel engine. The stationary engine test bed used consists of a single-cylinder four stroke diesel engine, eddy current dynamometer with computer control data acquisition system and exhaust emissions analyzer. Results: Engine tests were conducted at constant speed using neat diesel fuel and various proportions of biodiesel blends. The exhaust emissions such as CO, HC and NOx were measured using exhaust gas analyzer. Performance characteristics like brake thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption were recorded. The differences in the measured emissions and performance of the biodiesel-diesel fuel blends from the baseline operation of the engine, i.e., when working with neat diesel fuel were determined and compared. Conclusion: It is concluded that the lower blends of biodiesel increased the brake thermal efficiency and reduced the fuel consumption. Biodiesel blends produces lower engine emissions than diesel. From the result, it has been established that 20-40% of palm oil biodiesel can be use as a substitute for diesel without any engine modifications.
This study aims to find the optimum performance and emission characteristics of single cylinder variable compression ratio (VCR) engine with different blends of Annona methyl ester (AME) as fuel. The performance parameters such as specific fuel consumption (SFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and emission levels of HC, CO, Smoke, and NO x were compared with the diesel fuel. It is found that, at compression ratio of 17 : 1 for A20 blended fuel (20% AME + 80% Diesel) shows better performance and lower emission level which is very close to neat diesel fuel. The engine was operated with different values of compression ratio (15, 16, and 17) to find out best possible combination for operating engine with blends of AME. It is also found that the increase of compression ratio increases the BTE and reduces SFC and has lower emission without any engine in design modifications.
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