This study illustrates, for the first time, the contexts behind high risk injecting drug use behaviours among prison inmates in India. It also highlights the lack of availability of harm reduction services such as needle and syringe programmes, drug detoxification and opioid substitution treatment inside prisons. Further, it demonstrates the difficulties faced by HIV-positive prison inmates in getting timely and uninterrupted antiretroviral treatment.
BACKGROUNDAn appreciably large fraction of the population of Manipur has been diagnosed as HIV/AIDS positive and an increase in the number of patients with HCV co-infection was observed, that led to dilemma of ART initiation at the background of liver problem. This study was taken up to solve such dilemma.
This prospective single institution study was carried out with 55 patients to evaluate the cardiac functions in left sided post mastectomy breast cancer patients who received Doxorubicin based chemotherapy with chest wall irradiation. Our study reported only 18% cardiotoxicity in contrast to about 30% in similar studies. There was a decline in the left ventricular ejection fraction after chemotherapy. Radiation did not affect left ventricular function much. The right ventricular systolic dysfunction observed in our study, as depicted by the value of TAPSE decreased after chemotherapy and then after radiation. Neither age nor the use of Taxanes following Doxorubicin administration factored much. The mean cumulative dose of Doxorubicin was confined to 360 mg/m2. Radiation induced cardiac dysfunction was mainly confined to the changes in the dimensions of the ventricles and left atrium volume. Decreased cardiotoxicity observed was probably due to short follow up of 6 months.
Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous lesion affecting multi organs, mainly the lungs, kidney, skin, lymph nodes etc. occurring mainly in African American blacks and Nordics. A 45 year old female presented with progressively increasing generalised skin eruption, fatigue and joint pains. Further work up of the patient reveals Hypothyroidism, Rheumatoid factor positive and Lipid profile showed isolated hypertriglyceridemia. CXR-PAV showed bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. Calcium profile was normal. Bone marrow examination for anemia showed non-caseating well formed epithelioid granuloma strongly suggestive of Sarcoidosis. High ACE level of 114 clinched the diagnosis for Sarcoidosis. The patient responded to steroid and is on remission.
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