In IT management, maturity models have proved to be an important instrument because they allow for a better positioning of the organization and help find better solutions for change. Over the last few years, over a hundred maturity models have been developed to support IT management. However, the procedures and methods that led to these models have only been documented very sketchily. Using a scientific approach, we have developed criteria for the development of maturity models. These criteria also serve as a basis for the comparison of sparsely documented maturity approaches. The results thus obtained have been generalised and consolidated into a generally applicable model. A case study will illustrate the applicability of our model. The results of this paper are meant to serve as a manual for methodically well-founded designs and evaluations of maturity models.

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Confronted with decreasing margins and a rising customer demand for integrated solutions, manufacturing companies integrate complementary services into their portfolio. Offering value bundles (consisting of services and physical goods) takes place in integrated product-service systems, spanning the coordinated design and delivery of services and physical goods for customers. Conceptual Modeling is an established approach to support and guide such efforts. Using a framework for the design and delivery of value bundles as an analytical lens, this study evaluates the current support of reference models and modeling languages for setting up conceptual models for an integrated design and delivery of value bundles. Consecutively, designing modeling languages and reference models to fit the requirements of conceptual models in product-service systems are presented as upcoming challenges in Service Research. To guide further research, first steps are proposed by exemplarily integrating reference models and modeling languages stemming from the service and manufacturing domains.

Reifegradmodelle stellen für das IT-Management ein wichtiges Instrument dar, weil sie die Positionierung der eigenen Organisation ermöglichen und Entwicklungsperspektiven aufzeigen. In den letzten Jahren wurden über hundert Reifegradmodelle zur Unterstützung des IT-Managements entwickelt. Jedoch sind die Vorgehen zu ihrer Entwicklung häufig lückenhaft dokumentiert. Auf der Basis wissenschaftstheoretischer Überlegungen werden Anforderungen an die Entwicklung von Reifegradmodellen abgeleitet. Diese Anforderungen dienen darüber hinaus als Basis für den Vergleich der wenigen gut dokumentierten Vorgehensweisen. Die auf diese Weise erlangten Erkenntnisse werden zu einem allgemein anwendbaren Vorgehensmodell generalisiert und konsolidiert. Anhand einer Fallstudie wird die Anwendung des Vorgehensmodells gezeigt. Die Ergebnisse des Beitrags bieten eine Anleitung für eine methodisch fundierte Entwicklung und Evaluation von Reifegradmodellen.

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In creative work such as design thinking projects, teams mostly seek to solve complex (wicked) problems as well as situations of uncertainty and value conflicts. To design solutions that cope with these aspects, teams usually start doing something, reflect on their results, and adjust their process. By actually doing something, tacit knowledge (i.e., knowing-in-action) of individuals is disclosed, which might be beneficial for an entire project team because it allows drawing on information and experiences that go beyond single individuals. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate how tools can be designed that support collaborative reflection in creativity-driven projects. Drawing on reflection theory and several expert interviews, we derive design requirements as well as present a concrete software-based prototype as an expository instantiation.

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