Fall armyworm ((Spodoptera frugiperda) commonly known as FAW is polyphagous pest of maize with more than 85 host species. It is native to tropical and subtropical region of America. It has already been detected in India and reports from Nepal also suggests presence of FAW. Due to Open broader between Nepal and India chance of spreading in Nepal is very high. Delay maturing hybrids and late planted maize crops are likely to be affected by this pest. It can cause serious leaf damage along with direct injury to the ear. Major damage is done by younger larvae. Larvae causes damage by consuming foliage. Terai and inner terai region are considered to be affected more as climatic condition of this region highly favors FAW. So, timely preventive and management practices should be done before it leads to havoc condition. Management of the pest can be done through many biological, chemical and cultural means. Quality seed, Avoidance of late planting, Push-pull technology can be adopted for management practices. Different biological agents have been identified for controlling FAW such as Bacillus thuringenesis (Bt), Baculovirus and Beauveria bassiana etc. Chemicals like Methomyl, Methyl parathion, chlorpyrifos, malathion, permethrin are used to control the pest. However, use of chemical should be discouraged as it may affect soil fertility and natural enemy of FAW. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(3): 305-309
This study was conducted to assess the quality and quantity aspects of different genetic group of buck’s semen used for Artificial Insemination (AI) at National Livestock Breeding Centre (NLBC), Pokhara. For this, records from different breeds and genetic groups of buck semen collected over 3 years (2014-2016) were analyzed. Parameters such as volume, density, mass motility, initial motility concentration and post thaw motility were analysed for various non-genetic factors like year, season, green based feeding. Data were analyzed by least square method using Harvey 1990 software package. The result showed that different genetic group of bucks (P<0.001) have highly significant effect (P=0.00) on volume of semen. Significant interaction (P=0.01, 0.001) was observed between year and season on volume and density of the semen. Similarly, different genetic group of bucks had significant effect on density (P=0.03). Year showed a significant effect (P=0.02) on initial motility of the buck semen. Similarly, significant interaction between year and season on initial motility percentage (P=0.01) and post thaw motility percentage (P=0.00) was found. Likewise, year has a significant effect (P=0.01) on the Post thaw motility percentage (P=0.03) of the semen. Also, a significant effect of different breed of buck was found on post thaw motility percentage (P=0.00). In addition, the average post thaw motility percentage semen of all the genetic groups of bucks was above 52% which is considered as a good percentage for the success of AI. This result might be due to use of egg yolk free extender which is soya-based protein. Moreover, adoption of new buck semen processing technologies might further improve the semen quality and long term storability along with better management and distribution of these buck semen by Government of Nepal through livestock unit at different municipalities will improve the conception rate and save huge effort and investment for the importation of buck semen.
Paddy, maize and wheat occupy the maximum share in terms of area and production of Nepalese agriculture and plays major role in food and nutrition security in Nepal. Although government has been investing in cereal production since 1960s and there is a slow and steady growth in area, production and yield. In this scenario, there is dearth of research studies which provides overview of the growth and instability of the cereal crops, and it is also necessary to identify the causes of the growth in production. This paper tries to address the fore mentioned issue by measuring the growth rate and instability in area, production and yield of paddy, wheat and maize in Nepal for 30 years ranging from 1990/91 to 2019/20. Similarly, it also attempts to identify the cause of growth crops by using decomposition method. It is found that there was significant growth in area of paddy only in period I; and in production and yield in period II and overall time period. In wheat and maize, it is found that there is statistically significant increase in the area, production and yield in all the sub periods and over all time periods, except for area in wheat in period III. Similarly, it is found that in all the crops studied, greater extent of instability was observed in production, followed by the yield. And, in all the crops, area effect is higher than yield and interaction effect in all the time periods and whole study time frame. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 9, Issue-1: 13-18.
The experiment was conducted in the Horticulture farm of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Paklihawa, Rupandehi, Nepal from March, 2017 to June, 2017 to screen the varieties of okra against Okra yellow vein mosaic virus under different management practices. The experiment was laid out in two factorial Split plot design and replicated three times. Five varieties of okra viz. Parvati, Arka Anamika, NOH-15, Super Green and Julie were used and five treatments viz. Jholmol (1:5), Azadiracthin (5ml/L), Imidacloprid (2ml/L), cow milk (100ml/L) and control (distilled water) were used as foliar spray on plants. The chlorophyll content of the leaves was higher in Julie followed by Arka Anamika. The white fly count was found to be reduced after the application of treatments in the succeeding date in almost all varieties. The efficiency of the management practices was found to be significant with Super Green and Julie varieties with least Percent Disease Incidence(PDI) value and in par with each other. Imidacloprid and Azadiractin had the leastPDI value and the combination of Super Green variety with Imidacloprid, Super Green with Jholmol, Super Green with cow milk, Julie with Imidacloprid, NOH-15 with Imidacloprid were found resistant. Similarly, the highest yield was obtained in Julie with Imidaclropid combination. However, due to the maximum waiting period of this chemical as well as its negative impact on human and plant health, Julie with Azadirachtin combination can be suggested to farmers to have eco-friendly management of Okra yellow vein mosaic virus.
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