Antimicrobial resistance is a public health hazard that affects humans, animals as well as the environment. Antibiotics are becoming gradually ineffective as drug-resistance spreads globally. The dairy industry is a major consumer of antibiotics globally and treatment of infected udder is the most common reason of use of antibiotics in cows. The study highlights the present status of microbial resistance to commonly used antibiotics in dairy animals of Jammu, a region in northern India. The study showed high prevalence of methicillin and tetracycline resistance among E. coli and S. aureus of udder origin. A high percentage (60%) of the isolates showed resistance to two or more than two classes of antibiotics with high prevalence of methicillin and tetracycline resistance. Methicilin resistance was more prevalent in Gram positive Staphylococci, whereas tetracycline resistance was frequent in both Gram positive Staphylococci and Gram negative E. coli. Abundance of tetracycline resistant (Tet A, Tet O and Tet M) and methicillin resistant (MecA, MecI and MecR) genes were fairly common in E. coli and S. aureus of udder origin.
Antibiotics are becoming increasingly ineffective as drug-resistance spreads globally. This study documents the trend of usage of antibiotics in dairy animals of Jammu. Data regarding the usage pattern of veterinary antibiotics was collected from the records of government veterinary hospitals and veterinary pharmaceutical companies from 2016-2021.The data were analysed to check the widely used antibiotics and there trend of usage. The study revealed that beta-lactums were the most used antibiotics, followed by floroquinolones. The aminoglycosides were also used in noticeable amount with maximum usage. In cattle and buffalo beta-lactums and floroquinolones were the most used antibiotics, respectively. Beta-lactums were preferred in case of cattle calf while as in case of buffalo calf  tetracyclines were the drug of choice. In case of clinical mastitis beta lactum class of antibiotics was the most used drug for treatment. In case of fever, diarrhoea, metritis and other diseases such as retention of placenta, abscess, or wound, floroquinolones were most widely used antibiotics.
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