Delineation of temperature-humidity index (THI) as indicator of heat stress in riverine buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) of a sub-tropical Indian region

Umar, Sofi Imran Ul; Konwar, Dipanjali; Khan, Asma; Bhat, Mohammad Altaf; Javid, Faizan; Jeelani, Rakhshan; Nabi, Burhan; Najar, Afaq Amin; Kumar, Dhirendra; Brahma, Biswajit

doi:10.1007/s12192-021-01209-1

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Heat stress significantly decreases feed intake and milk performance ( Beede and Collier, 1986 ; West, 2003 ; Ranjitkar et al, 2020 ). A THI of 68–69 was considered to cause some HS when evaluated with respect to rising respiratory rates and rectal temperature ( Brügemann et al, 2012 ; Collier et al, 2012 ; Umar et al, 2021 ). However, in this study, the HS cows suffered a more severe reduction in milk yield compared with PFTN cows, which is consistent with our previous study ( Gao et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Heat Stress on the Ruminal Epithelial Barrier of Dairy Cows Revealed by Micromorphological Observation and Transcriptomic Analysis

et al. 2022

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Heat stress (HS) alters the rumen fermentation of dairy cows thereby affecting the metabolism of rumen papillae and thus the epithelial barrier function. The aim of the present study was to investigate if HS damages the barrier function of ruminal epithelia. Eight multiparous Holstein dairy cows with rumen cannula were randomly equally allocated to two replicates (n = 4), with each replicate being subjected to heat stress or thermal neutrality and pair-feeding in four environmental chambers. Micromorphological observation showed HS aggravated the shedding of the corneum and destroyed the physical barrier of the ruminal epithelium to a certain extent. Transcriptomics analysis of the rumen papillae revealed pathways associated with DNA replication and repair and amino acid metabolism were perturbated, the biological processes including sister chromatid segregation, etc. were up-regulated by HS, while the MAPK and NF-kB cell signaling pathways were downregulated. However, no heat stress-specific change in the expression of tight junction protein or TLR4 signaling was found, suggesting that HS negatively affected the physical barrier of the ruminal epithelium to some extent but did not break the ruminal epithelium. Heat stress invoked mechanisms to maintain the integrity of the rumen epithelial barrier by upregulating the expression of heat shock protein and repairments in rumen papillae. The increase in amino acid metabolism in rumen papillae might affect the nutrient utilization of the whole body. The findings of this study may inform future research to better understand how heat stress affects the physiology and productivity of lactating cows and the development of mitigation strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Heat Stress on the Ruminal Epithelial Barrier of Dairy Cows Revealed by Micromorphological Observation and Transcriptomic Analysis

et al. 2022

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“…Body temperature is the result of the difference between the thermal energy produced plus that received by the animal organism and the thermal energy dissipated from these to the environment ( 52 ). RT is associated with thermal heat loads in buffaloes ( 53 – 58 ). Higher rectal temperature was observed (39.01°C) at 15:00 in the exposure of female buffaloes to direct sunlight in a hot and humid climate, on Ilha do Marajó, Pará ( 37 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoregulatory reactions of female buffaloes raised in the sun and in the shade, in the climatic conditions of the rainy season of the Island of Marajó, Pará, Brazil

et al. 2022

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Buffaloes are well-adapted to hot, humid climates and muddy terrain, however they show signs of thermal discomfort when exposed to direct sunlight due to their specific structural features such as dark skin, small number of sweat glands/skin area and thick skin. Epidermis layer of the skin, making heat dissipation difficult. The study aimed to evaluate the thermal comfort of female buffaloes raised in traditional and silvopastoral systems, on the island of Marajó, Pará, during the rainy season of the year. The experiment was carried out in Cachoeira do Arari, Retiro Grande, Marajó, Pará (00°55'37.814424”S 48°43'48.143060”W). Twenty female Murrah buffaloes, aged between 2 and 3years and average weight of 282 ± 29 kg, were used. They were fed on pasture and divided into two groups: WS group (with shade) and NS group (without shade). The WS group (n = 10) remained grazing in a silvopastoral system, with access to the shade of red Jambeiro (Syzygium malaccense) trees. The NS group (n = 10) was kept in grazing, in a traditional system, without access to the shade of trees or shades. The physiological variables rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR) and body surface temperature (BST) (forehead, left side of the thorax and left flank) were measured at 6:00, 10:00, 14:00, 18:00, and 22:00 h. At the same times, data on air temperature, relative air humidity, wind speed (WSP), solar radiation (SR) and Temperature and Humidity Index (THI) were also recorded. THI, WSP and SR were higher at 14:00 h (P < 0.05). At 10:00, 14:00, and 18:00 h there was difference of RT between treatments (P < 0.05), where animals of the NS group had the highest values. In the NS group, the highest value of RT was observed at 14:00 h (39.38 ± 0.43°C), when THI and SR were higher. At 10:00 and 14:00 h, BST was higher in the NS group (p < 0.05), of 34,55 ± 1.03 and 35.35 ± 1.51°C, respectively, and both groups had the highest value of BST at those same times. There was difference of the RR between treatments at 10:00 h and 14:00 h (p < 0.05), where the highest values were found in the NS group (33.71 ± 7.58 e 50.40 ± 18.41 mov./min., respectively). Even in the rainy season of the year, the climatic conditions of Ilha do Marajó are unfavorable to the welfare of buffaloes, especially at 2:00 pm, when the SR is higher. Thus, the use of the system with access to shade, such as silvopastoral, is recommended, in order to provide greater thermal comfort to animals and improve their productivity.

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“…Daily temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated using the formula recommended by the National Research Council (1971) (NRC) [ 21 ]: THI = (1.8 × T db + 32) − [(0.55 − 0.0055 × RH) × (1.8 × T db − 26.8)] where T db is the dry bulb temperature (°C) and RH is the daily relative humidity (%). THI has been popularly used to indicate HS in animals [ 22 , 23 ]. The feeding trial was conducted from Day 100 of gestation until Day 21 of lactation (at weaning) at an approximately 4000-sow commercial pig farm in a subtropical monsoon climate (113.41° E, 29.58° N, Wuhan, China).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Mannose Oligosaccharides on the Body Condition, Lactation Performance and Their Offspring of Heat-Stressed Sows

Ren

Zheng²,

Tang³

et al. 2022

Animals

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The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with mannose oligosaccharide (MOS) on the condition of the body and the reproductive and lactation performances of sows. Eighty pregnant sows were randomly assigned to four groups with a 2 × 2 factorial design: with or without MOS (1 g/kg) and with or without heat stress (HS) challenge. The temperature in the HS groups (HS and HM group) was controlled at 31.56 ± 1.22 °C, while the temperature in the active cooling (AC) groups (AC and AM group) was controlled at 23.49 ± 0.72 °C. The weight loss of sows in the AC group was significantly lower than that of sows in the HS group (p < 0.01). The weight and backfat thickness loss of sows supplemented with MOS displayed a downward trend. The average birth weight of the litter significantly increased in the HM group (basic diet + MOS) compared with the HS group (p < 0.05). The milk protein of sows significantly decreased under the HS condition at 2 and 12 h after delivery (p < 0.05). However, the milk immunoglobin G (IgG) of sows in the HS group increased significantly compared with that of sows in the HM group (p < 0.05) at 12 and 24 h after delivery. The levels of serum urea nitrogen (UREA) and glucose (GLU) decreased significantly under the HS condition (p < 0.05), while the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) increased significantly under the HS condition (p < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with MOS also significantly reduced TNF-α under the AC conditions (p < 0.05). In conclusion, HS significantly affected the body condition, lactation performances and their offspring of sows. However, dietary supplementation with 1 g/kg MOS did not result in statistically significant changes.

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Delineation of temperature-humidity index (THI) as indicator of heat stress in riverine buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) of a sub-tropical Indian region

Cited by 6 publications

References 58 publications

Effects of Heat Stress on the Ruminal Epithelial Barrier of Dairy Cows Revealed by Micromorphological Observation and Transcriptomic Analysis

Effects of Heat Stress on the Ruminal Epithelial Barrier of Dairy Cows Revealed by Micromorphological Observation and Transcriptomic Analysis

Thermoregulatory reactions of female buffaloes raised in the sun and in the shade, in the climatic conditions of the rainy season of the Island of Marajó, Pará, Brazil

Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Mannose Oligosaccharides on the Body Condition, Lactation Performance and Their Offspring of Heat-Stressed Sows

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