In this paper, dividing wall column (DWC) has been chosen for a BTX (Benzene-Toluene-o-Xylene) system. A MATLAB ® program has been written for nonlinear unsteady-state DWC, which is used in Simulink environment for control of the system by Model Predictive Control (MPC). Compositions of the three products (benzene, toluene, and o-xylene) are indirectly controlled by controlling the corresponding temperatures of the respective tray due to requirement of online analyzer. The temperature of uppermost tray in the rectifying section, stage temperature in the main column corresponding to the side stream withdrawn, and the bottom stage temperature in the stripping section have been chosen in order to maintain the compositions of the three products. The manipulated variables are reflux rate (L 0 ), side-stream flow rate (SSRF), and reboiler heat duty (Q B ). It has been observed that MPC shows good performance even in the presence of ± 10% change in the feed flow rate, feed composition, and liquid split factor in comparison with conventional controllers. The MPC has less settling time (almost 1.5 h) compared with the PI controller (approximately 3-4 h).
Consistent high growth of Indian economy has resulted in a surging demand for energy. Since, independence Indian power system has grown from 1362 MW to 250GW. In the past decade, installation of renewable sources of energy for electricity has grown at an annual rate of 25%, which has reached 29,500 MW as on March 2014. Despite this, presently 400 million people in the country have no access to electricity and hundreds of millions get electricity for only a few hours. Distribution system is suffering from frequent and long duration outages. To supplement capacity addition as well as electrification of remote areas, development of micro-grid also needs attention. Standalone/decentralized micro grid can provide basic energy access to all.Presently, high AT&C losses of utilities are resulting into poor financial health of distribution utilities across the country. To address these issues and bring efficiency, seamless integration of emerging technologies in the field of monitoring, automation, control, communication and IT systems with active participation of all stakeholders are inevitable. It is expected that the far-reaching goals of modern Indian power system can be achieved by deployment of smart grids which can help to improve efficiency of Indian power sector. In this direction, several initiatives have been taken to implement smart grid in entire supply value chain -generation, transmission distribution and consumer participation in power sector. This paper presents initiatives taken by Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. (POWERGRID) to implement Smart Grid in Indian Power System as a case study on Puducherry Smart Grid Pilot Project.
This paper presents a new design and performance of single phase permanent magnet flux-switching machine (PMFSM) for electric bicycle application. 8Slot-12Pole design machine were choose by analyzing the highest power density value. All active parts such as permanent magnet and armature coil are located on the stator, while the rotor part consists of only single piece iron. PMFSM have a great advantage with robust rotor structure that make it much higher power and applicable for EV application compared to SRM and IPMSM. The design, operating principles, characteristics of torque, and power of this new topology are investigated by JMAG-Designer via a 2D-FEA. Size of motor and volume of PM is designed at 75mm and 80g, respectively. Based on the investigation, it can be concluded that the proposed topology of single phase 8Slot 12Pole PMFSM achieved the target of highest performance of power density, approximately at 0.113W/mm3 with reduced permanent magnet and size of design motor. Due to the low torque performance of this initial design, further works is ongoing to improve the torque performance. In future work, outer rotor PMFSM structure design will be presented and compared with the "Deterministic Optimization Method" to improve the initial design.
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