Congestion avoidance in emergency situations is among one of many overlooked localization issues. During emergency situations (such as fires), sometimes the rescuers find it hard to find the best exit route from the inside to the outside of a building. Any time delay in decision making will risk the loss of lives. Therefore, an efficient Emergency Rescue Localization (ERL) system is needed to help rescuers find the best route from the inside to the outside of a building. Thus, we propose a new ERL that is based on the integration of a Global Positioning System (GPS), Wireless LAN and camera. In this proposed ERL, the integrated Wireless LAN (WLAN) and Camera are used to retrieve location information inside a building. Then, localization methods will be adapted to GPS-based localization when subjects are in open areas outside the building. Finally, we present our experimental results to illustrate the performance of the localization system for indoor and outdoor environment set-up.
Blockchain is a public ledger technology to which everyone has access without a central authority having control. This technology typically gets to use registration and smart contract. To make sure there are security and authenticity in the transaction information in blockchain, many researchers are study on consensus algorithm. There is a lot of consensus algorithm are using in blockchain. Determining leading research area and finding the best key of consensus algorithm is the motivation of this study. Thus, this study will investigate how consensus algorithm areas of research can be determined by study on the Proof of Stake (PoS) and Delegated Proof of Stake (DPos). Besides that, this research study about the key parameters that being using in these two algorithms. In addition, after getting the parameters we measure the comparison in terms of their transaction per second, nodes, and block sizes. Furthermore, we conclude the efficiency of these two algorithms in terms of their scalability. Although DPoS performance is expected to be much better than PoS, the impact of parameters can be assessed and analyzed to see and prove results. We hope after this study, can solved the performance and security affected by the application of consensus algorithm used in the blockchain.
Cryptocurrency has emerged as the most promising digital asset, which serves as a medium of exchange with distributed control and highly secured financial system. This lead to an increase in stakeholders’ interest in digital currency investment. The cryptocurrencies majorly involve two phases including Initial Coin Offering (ICO) and blockchain creation. These phases have been challenged with criticisms in terms of the Islamic shariah injunctions. These criticisms are based on two fundamental issues including whether cryptocurrency is backed by asset and has a regulatory authority or not. These issues are related to uncertainty, volatility and high speculation of the cryptocurrencies. Although, several cryptocurrencies claimed to have considered the shariah requirements in their proposed cryptocurrency ecosystems. However, a strict analysis of some of the existing cryptocurrencies reveals otherwise. Therefore, this paper presents a review of some shariah-compliant cryptocurrencies focusing on their volatility and speculation. The operations of cryptocurrencies need to follow the Islamic shariah requirements. The proposed review provides an insight regarding the acclaimed shariah-compliant cryptocurrencies to assess whether they comply with the shariah requirements or not.
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