Moths are the important component of terrestrial ecosystems due to their role as food resources for birds and small mammals, night pollinators, nutrient recyclers and potential indicators. The current study will be the first report on moth species identification, population, species composition, abundance, and their status based on IUCN category of moth fauna in Chemancheri panchayath, Kozhikode, Kerala. In this study period, totally 104 specimen moths were collected from the 4 sampling sites. Out of these, 61 specimens were identified, 37 specimens are consolidated in to 11 families and 22 specimens are consolidated in to 18 species. Based on the result shows the highest number of moth species, the Erebidae family was the most dominant, representing 36 species and followed by Crambidae representing 7 species, Noctuidae and Limacodidae with 4 species each, Notodontidae representing 3 species, Dripanidae representing 2 species, Eupterotidae, Zygaenidae, Geometridae, Bombycidae, Saturnidae with 1 species each. So from this we can conclude that species in the family Erebidae and Crambidae are dominant in the sites when compared to other families. The present study was designed to find the diversity and species composition of moths existing at different trophic level in food chain for sustainable ecological process in Chemancheri panchayath, Kozhikode, Kerala.
Organic reduction of nanomaterials is an inexpensive and ecologically feasible method. The major challenge of this method is its optimization to improve e ciency. The reduction of metal ions with the conjugation, involves either through extraction from natural materials like plants, algae, fungus, and bacteria or by the action of micro-organisms (intracellular synthesis of these particles). The present investigation deals with the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) reduced by Spirulina platensis. The reduced nanoparticle synthesized by the microorganism was materialized to inhibit the pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from the aquaculture system of Tamil Nadu. The highest percentage of distribution of V. parahaemolyticus was recorded in the farm water collected from shrimp farms of Nagapattinam than in the Cuddalore district. The presence of secondary metabolites in qualitative estimation and GCMS revealed the presence of 32 compounds in both acetone and methanol extract. The essential fatty acids eicosane was found to have antibiotic potency against shrimp infected with pathogenic bacteria. The synthesized Spirulina SNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, EDAX, XRD, TEM and SEM. The analysis revealed a spherical structure without any agglomerates whose reduction absorption was at 200-450 nm. The good diffusion method showed inhibition of human and marine pathogen V. parahaemolyticus, exhibiting an inhibitory zone at 15.30 ± 2.21 and 15.19 ± 2.48 mm respectively. Thus, the Spirulina-mediated silver nanoparticles are found to be a simple, economical, and eco-friendly biomaterial to be a potent antibiotic against the pathogenic bacteria found in shrimps.
The green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) from plant extracts is an innovative and considered as an effective method, which has many biological and therapeutic benefits. In this regard, silver nanoparticles were synthesized from leaves of Mangifera indica (Mango) and their properties were characterized. Morphological characterizations such as UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirm the physical characteristics of silver nano-particles. In addition, Mangifera indica phytochemicals possesses DPPH radical scavenging activity, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. The nano formulation (phytochemicals + NPs) is also tested against the Hep G2 human cell line for anticarcinogenic properties. Nano formulation concentrations at 300μg/ml shown anticarcinogenic effect to Hep G2 human cell lines up to 53.29768%. The Bio pesticidal activity of the paddy pest Cicadella viridis (green leaf hopper) was checked through an antifeedant assay and the activity of the pest was decreased with the introduction of nano formulation. These results show better antioxidant, antibacterial and anticarcinogenic properties. Thus, they can be used to replace chemical therapeutic drugs.
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