FNAC was shown to be a simple, non-traumatic and useful diagnostic procedure for screening leukemic infiltration in gingival tissues in AL patients.

Introduction Vascular malformations have devastating cosmetic effects in addition to being associated with pain and bleeding. Sclerotherapy has been used as an effective therapeutic modality for the management of vascular malformations. The purpose of this case series is to describe our clinical experience of using sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STS) 3 % in the treatment of venous malformation lesions of head and neck. Materials and Methods Thirteen patients were included in this study (three male and ten female; age range between 8 months and 54 years; mean age 18.2 years, ±SD 15.71). The patients were treated by 3 % STS intralesional injections. Of the thirteen patients treated, complete resolution occurred in four patients (28.57 %), a good response occurred in five patients (35.7 %), a moderate response in two patients (14.28 %), a mild response in two patients (14.28 %) and no response in one patient (7.14 %). The side effects encountered in all patients were pain and edema after injection which was controlled by oral analgesics and an intramuscular injection of dexamethasone. In addition, two patients developed a superficial ulceration (11.76 %) which healed uneventfully, and one patient developed ecchymosis after injection (5.88 %). Conclusion Sclerotherapy with 3 % STS is a simple, safe, and effective modality for the treatment of venous malformations.

Subluxation and dislocation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are very unpleasant and distressing conditions to patients; they are not common diseases, but large groups of people in countries such as Yemen and Somalia are affected owing to daily chewing of Qat for several hours every day, but in Iraq, the conditions are not common. These clinical studies were conducted on 133 patients: 87 men and 36 women; their age ranged between 18 and 72 years (mean, 45 y), and their complains were difficulties of chewing food, speech, laughing, or yawning. Patients were divided into 3 groups: the first group included 65 patients (45.53%) who were treated by surgical reconstruction of the TMJ by using a fingerlike fascial flap from the temporal fascia for reconstruction of a lax capsule and reenforcement and a block of corticocancellous bone graft from the iliac crest squeezed and impacted in a gap in front of the eminence of TMJ; the second group included 15 patients with delayed dislocation of TMJ (12.20%) who were treated by surgical release fusion of the capsule and condyle from the infratemporal fascia with reenforcement of the capsule by reverse L-shaped plication technique and eminectomy; and the last group included 45 patients with acute dislocation of the TMJ (34.96%) who were treated by modified manual reduction, and follow-up of the patients was between 1 and 20 years. An experimental study was done on rabbits to support our clinical study by using a temporal fascial flap for the reconstruction of a rabbit TMJ capsule, and the aim was to show that any pathologic changes might occur in the capsule or the condyle. The result was very optimistic, and there were no cellular changes observed in the condyle or surrounding structures.

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These clinical studies were carried out in maxillofacial unite, 10th floor, Surgical Specialties Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad. These orbital injuries included 236 patients during 15 years of experience. Their ages ranged from 2 to 72 years (mean, 37 years); 172 were male, and 64 were female. Orbital injuries are classified into isolated orbital walls, roof, floor, lateral wall, and zygoma and medial wall and complex wall injuries, as orbital skeleton injuries, or as part of cranio-orbito-facial injuries. There were 110 cases (46.6%) with orbital floor, and 85 cases (36%) with lateral wall and zygomatic complex injuries; 6 cases (3.6%) had isolated roof injuries; there were 15 cases (6.3%) with medial wall fractures and dislocation of medial canthal ligaments; 8 cases (3.3%) were orbital skeleton injuries with superior orbital fissure syndrome in 2 cases and eyeball laceration in 1 case, and 12 cases (5.08%) were cranio-orbito-facial injuries. These cases were treated and reconstructed by chrome-cobalt mesh for orbital floor, and also, Silastic rubber silicone was used in the floor and roof. Bone graft was used for reconstruction of large defect of the floor and medial wall, and Silastic was used for secondary operation for reconstruction of the floor as additional layer in cases with slight resorption of bone graft to correct residual enophthalmos, and lyophilized dura was used for reconstruction of the roof. Follow-up of the cases was extended for 15 years. The aim of these studies was to show some interesting clinical cases and surgical challenges for the management of these cases.

Seventy-six patients including 27 females and 49 males, with ages ranging between 4 and 35 years (mean, 19.5 y), all experienced loss of weight, stiff temporomandibular joints and inability to chew food, and facial deformities. These patients were treated in the Maxillofacial Unit, Surgical Specialties Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq, using 4 different techniques according to the requirement of each case and the facilities available. These patients were divided into 4 groups: the first group consists of 16 children (21.06%) treated with a chondro-osseous graft; the second group, 10 children (13.16%) treated with a 2-part chrome-cobalt prosthesis; the third group, 32 children (42.11%) treated with a Sialastic rubber silicone implant (Koken Co, Tokyo, Japan); and the fourth group, 18 children (23.69%) treated with interposition arthroplasty with a temporalis muscle flap. The follow-up period of the cases ranged between 3 and 15 years. Experimental studies were done on using rabbits to assess the viability of the chondro-osseous graft and on monkeys to demonstrate the biological acceptability of the 2-part chrome-cobalt prosthesis. The aim of this clinical and experimental study was to show our experience in managing difficult tasks that craniofacial or maxillofacial surgeons may face and to share these experiences with other colleagues all over the world.

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