Gingival fine needle aspiration cytology in acute leukemia

Abstract

FNAC was shown to be a simple, non-traumatic and useful diagnostic procedure for screening leukemic infiltration in gingival tissues in AL patients.

Evaluation of Periodontal Parameters in Patients with Early Stage Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

“…(27). Leukemijski gingivalni infiltrati ne pojavljuju se kod bezubih bolesnika, što upućuje na to da važnu ulogu u njihovoj patogenezi imaju lokalni čimbenici kao što su karijes, zubni kamenac i loša oralna higijena (28).…”

“…No zaključili su da ovako mali uzorak ima nisku statističku snagu, te da je nužno provesti istraživanje na znatno većem uzorku ispitanika kako bi rezultati bili relevantniji. Zato su isti autori godinu dana poslije proveli novu presječnu studiju koja je obuhvaćala 68 oboljelih od leukemije plastic gingival changes in 16 out of 72 patients with acute leukemia (27). Leukemic gingival infiltrates do not occur in edentulous patients, which suggest that an important role in their pathogenesis represent local factors such as tooth decay, dental calculus and poor oral hygiene (28).…”

Diffuse gingival enlargement

“…33 Recently, however, two cases of leukemic infiltration were found in patients with mixed lineage leukemia. 34 Interestingly, gingival enlargement is not seen in edentulous *Percentages refer to the incidence of gingival enlargement among patients taking each drug. When two drugs known to cause gingival enlargement are used concurrently, the frequency and severity of enlargement may be increased.…”

“…33,34 In some cases, the enlargement is the result of infiltration of the gingival soft tissues by malignant white blood cells, in other cases it is caused by an inflammatory reactive hyperplasia without evidence of infiltration. 34 Gingival changes are seen in 3% to 5% of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and are most commonly seen in acute monomyelocytic and monocytic leukemias (M4 and M5 subtypes). 33 Recently, however, two cases of leukemic infiltration were found in patients with mixed lineage leukemia.…”

Gingivitis in Children and Adolescents

“…Patients with leukaemia present with bleeding diathesis, petechiae, oral ecchymosis, gingival haemorrhage and progressive gingival enlargement (Weckx et al, 1990;Genc et al, 1998). The change in gingival morphology and its cyanotic appearance may result from reactive hyperplasia, dense leukaemic infiltration of connective tissue and compression of local vasculature, causing ischaemia (Abdullah et al, 2002;Cooper et al, 2000). Caries, calculus and poor oral hygiene, place the patient at risk for oral pain, bleeding, super infection and tissue necrosis, exacerbating gingival signs and symptoms (Cooper et al, 2000).…”