Current trends in the engine industry are aimed at improving the power and fuel-economic indicators of an internal combustion engine (ICE). This, in turn, is accompanied by an increase in the mechanical and thermal load on the details of the cylinder-piston group (CPG). One of the most loaded parts of the CPG is the piston. Overheating of the piston leads to premature wear of rubbing surfaces, occurrence of piston rings and their breakdowns, jamming of pistons, burnouts of the piston bottom, etc. Modern technology can protect engine parts subject to thermal stresses, especially pistons, by using structural coatings or special insulating materials. The main idea of such a coating is to reflect thermal energy back into the combustion chamber, which should prevent the piston from overheating. Thermal protective coatings are applied by plasma and detonation methods, however, such coatings are destroyed during operation and therefore they are not widely used to reduce the temperature level of the piston. To improve the thermal insulation properties of the piston, it is proposed to form a heat-insulating coating on the working surfaces of the piston head by microarc oxidation (MAO). A distinctive feature of MAO is the participation in the process of covering formation of surface microdischarges that have a very significant and specific effect on the forming covering, as a result of which the composition and structure of the resulting oxidized layers are significantly different, and the properties are significantly increased compared to conventional anode films. Comparative motor tests, the results of which showed that an engine equipped with pistons with a heat-insulating coating on the working surfaces of the head, increase power by 5.3% and reduce fuel consumption by 5.7%, compared with an engine equipped with standard pistons.
The article is devoted to the study of the corrosion process rate of steel parts in livestock and poultry buildings, primarily, dung removers, which are operated and exposed to a chemically aggressive environment. The issues of metal loss of parts which are in contact with waste products of cattle, pigs and poultry are considered. The results of the influence of corrosion processes on loosening torque increase of the threaded joints of dung removing equipment for livestock and poultry farms are also presented. The research results can be used in design and repairs of farm dung removers.
The purpose of the research is improvement of soil level processing quality by justification of key parameters of working bodies of the combined plow. The combined plow consisting of a frame and sections of working bodies is developed for realization of technological process of level processing of the soil with loosening of the subarable horizon. The working section supports the movements of the unit which are consistently established in the direction plow cases of the top tier with a ploughshare surface and the lower tier without ploughshare surface, containing a chisel and dump surface. For implementation of agrotechnical requirements to level processing of the soil the theoretical research on installation of depth of the course of cases of the top and lower tiers of the combined plow is conducted. The interrelation of bottom crests height of furrow from arrangement of working bodies in section and the angle of shift of the soil is investigated by chisel in the case of the lower tier. The distance between the case of the top tier and the case of the lower tier of the combined plow in the longitudinal plane for ensuring the free movement of the soil and stubble is proved. The carried-out theoretical justification and settlement and graphic determination of constructive parameters of working section cases of the combined plow are shown that their rational values are equal: width of capture of cases of the top and lower tier – 0.45 m; chisel width – 0.07 m; an interval of arrangement of working bodies on a plow – 0.45 m; distance between the case of the top tier and the case of the lower tier of the combined level plow – 0.55 m; depth of the course of the case of the top tier – 0.06- 0.18 m; the layer height which is cut out by the case of the lower tier – 0.25-0.35 m; processing depth chisel – 0.06-0.08 m.
To improve the power and fuel and economic performance of a gasoline internal combustion engine, it has been proposed to improve the insulating properties of the piston by forming a heat-insulating coating on the working surfaces of the piston head with a thickness of 25...30 μm using the microarc oxidation method. Comparative results of engine tests are carried out, which showed that an engine equipped with pistons with a heat-insulating coating on the working surfaces of the head increases power by 5.3 % and reduces hourly fuel consumption by 5.7 % compared to an engine equipped with standard pistons.
The paper presents the results of comparative field studies of the tillage quality of commercial and combined (for the primary layer-by-layer tillage) plow bottoms in terms of plowing quality parameters, in particular, in terms of the completeness of crop residue incorporation and the density of tilled soil layers. The results of the study are directed to a wider introduction of technical means intoproduction that provide conditions for resource saving when performing the primary tillage with the use of mouldboard technology.
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