The article examines the need for agriculture in the Russian Federation in the restructuring of the principles of reorganization of the breeding system on the example of dairy cattle breeding. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of the dairy farming industry in the region and propose directions for further development. Within the framework of the study, it is planned to solve the following tasks: - to analyze the situation in pedigree cattle breeding in the Russian Federation and to identify the main trends; - to determine the peculiarities of the state of breeding in the Samara region on the example of the “Kryazh” breeding plant; - to propose measures to improve breeding in dairy cattle breeding. The results of the study prove that the effectiveness of the Soviet breeding system (in terms of productivity) is very low, which indicates the need for its reorganization on the principles of independent breed associations. Many breeding farms are ineffective, the parameters stipulated by the legislation are violated. All this leads to a decrease in the rate of selection work in comparison with world analogues.
The article examines the production of agricultural machinery in the Russian Federation for the period from 2000 to 2020. The aim of the work is to develop a forecast for the production of the main types of agricultural machinery in the Russian Federation in modern conditions. Within the framework of this, the following tasks are supposed to be solved: - study of the availability of agricultural machinery for domestic agricultural producers; - identification of trends in the development of agricultural machinery production; - construction of econometric models that describe the volume of agricultural machinery produced. The information base of the study was the data of the Federal State Statistics Service. The study used statistical methods, in particular Student’s t-test. The null hypothesis about the presence of a systemic shift in the time series was tested using a dummy variable. The index of production potential was also used in the work. Calculations showed the presence of a systemic shift in the series of the studied indicators. Econometric models were built for each series. For the production of tractors and loaders for agricultural purposes, the model will have a mixed look. Combine production is characterized by quadratic functions. Based on the models obtained, the production of the main types of agricultural machinery in the Russian Federation for the period 2021–2023 was predicted.
The studies were carried out in the European part of Russia in the steppe zone. The response of five Zea mays L. hybrids from different maturity groups to the spatial variability of regional conditions (climate, soil quality, agricultural technology) was studied. The obtained data are necessary for scientifically substantiated selection of agro-ameliorative measures and schemes for managing the production processes of agricultural plants in the context of changes in the boundaries of agro-climatic zones under the influence of global warming. It has been established that the limiting factor in the sustainable production of corn grain in areas with insufficient heat supply is the short duration of the growing season, therefore, earlier sowing dates for early ripening and cold-resistant hybrids are necessary. For areas with insufficient moisture supply, the conditions of moisture deficiency in the summer months reduce the yield of corn grain, so it is necessary to combine the early sowing of mid-season hybrids and the methods of moisture-saving technologies.
This paper presents the results of research, an approximate model of the design of a rotary tool for combing weeds with loosening the soil, as well as its working bodies. The relevance of carrying out scientific research work is described, allowing to find the latest methods and means of increasing the efficiency of agricultural production in the cultivation of cultivated plants. A diagram of a laboratory sample of a rotary tool is presented, its design and workflow are described. The design and purpose of the main working units of the rotary tool for combing out weeds with loosening the soil has been substantiated.
Cultivating agricultural crops assumes the use of mechanical means to accelerate the performance of technical operations in a reasonable agrotechnical amount of time. Vegetable growing is one of the industries where it is necessary to use modern automated and robotized machinery. Technologies and technical means have been considered which are used in enterprises engaged in cultivating tuberous roots at the moment and their disadvantages have been revealed. As a result, a technology of harvesting tuberous roots has been proposed, which is based on the use of the combine-harvester developed. The design solutions of the combine-harvester have been considered, which allow to solve the problem of the vegetable growers, and the technical process of harvesting tuberous roots has been described. The substantiation of a drum cutter bar has been presented and the coefficient of chaff feed to the transporter, the traction force of the conveyor motion and the power at the drive of the chain slatted conveyors have been determined. As a result of the researches carried out, it was determined that the use of the combine-harvester for tuberous roots shall allow to increase the level of mechanization and the productivity at enterprises, which are engaged in cultivating vegetable crops.
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