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The present study aimed to scrutinize the potential of Bacillus subtilis SPB1biosurfactant, orally administered, for preventing diabetic complications in rats. The findings revealed that, Bacillus subtilis biosurfactant was an effective reducer of α-amylase activity in the plasma. Moreover, this supplement helped protect the β-cells from death and damage. Both the inhibitory action of SPB1 biosurfactant on α-amylase and the protection of the pancreas' β-cells lead to a decrease of the blood glucose levels, consequently antihyperglycemic effect. Interestingly, this lipopeptide biosurfactant modulated key enzyme related to hyperlipidemia as lipase; which leads to the regulation of the lipid profile in serum by the delay in the absorption of LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, and a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol. Histological analyses also showed that it exerted a protective action on the pancreases and efficiently preserved the liver-kidney functions of diabetic rats, evidenced by significant decreases in aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, gamma-glytamyl transpeptidase and lactate deshydrogenase activities in the plasma, as well as in the creatinine and urea contents. Overall, the present study demonstrated that the hypoglycemic and antilipidemic activities exhibited by Bacillus subtilis biosurfactant were effective enough to alleviate induced diabetes in experimental rats. Therefore, SPB1biosurfactant could be considered as a potential strong candidate for the treatment and prevention of diabetes.

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This study investigated the protective and the curative effects of Bacillus subtilis SPB1 crude lipopeptide biosurfactant in alleviating induced obesity complications in rats fed on high-fat-high-fructose diet (HFFD). Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups with the following treatment schedule: normal diet-fed rats (CD), HFFD-fed rats, HFFD-fed rats supplemented with SPB1 biosurfactant from the first day of the experiment (HFFD + Bios1), rats fed on HFFD receiving standard drug (HFFD + Torva), or SPB1 biosurfactant (HFFD + Bios2) during the last 4 weeks of the study. HFFD induced hyperglycemia, manifested by a significant (p < 0.001) increase (20%) in the levels of glucose and α-amylase activity in the plasma, when compared with CD. The administration of SPB1 biosurfactant to rats fed on HFFD reverted back normal blood glucose and α-amylase activity levels. Also, the findings clearly showed that acute oral administration of SPB1 biosurfactant reduced significantly (34%) the peak of blood glucose concentration 60 min after glucose administration, as compared with untreated rats fed on HFFD. Furthermore, renal dysfunction indices such as creatinine and urea as well as the level of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) exhibited remarkable increases in serum of rats fed on HFFD by 28.35%, 46%, and 92%,. Interestingly, SPB1 lipopeptides treatments decreased the creatinine and urea levels significantly (p < 0.001) near normal values, as compared with that of the HFFD group, and also showed an improvement of the kidney cortex architecture. Moreover, SPB1 biosurfactant displayed a potent inhibition of ACE activity in vitro (CI value=1.37 mg/mL) as well as in vivo in obese rats by 42% and 27.25% with HFFD + Bios1 and HFFD + Bios2 treatments, respectively, and comparatively with the HFFD group. Besides, SPB1 lipopeptides treatments improved some of serum electrolytes such as Na, K, Ca, and Mg. The results showed that SPB1 lipopeptide biosurfactant presented useful hypoglycemic and antihypertensive properties, and was able to alleviate renal lipid deposition in rats fed on a hypercaloric diet.

Biosurfactants are valuable microbial amphiphilic molecules with effective surface-active and biological properties applicable to several industries and processes. Microorganisms synthesize them, especially during growth on water-immiscible substrates, providing an alternative to chemically prepared conventional surfactants. Microbial surfactants are not yet a sustainable alternative to chemically synthesized surfactants seeing their potentially high production charges. This study highlights the use of low-cost agro-industrial raw material for fermentative production of biosurfactants. The Box–Behnken Design and response surface methodology were employed to optimize the concentrations of the ratio butter milk /distilled water, poultry-transforming wastes and inoculum size for lipopeptide biosurfactant production by B.subtilis SPB1 in submerged fermentation.The best production yield was about 12.61 ± 0.7 g/L of crude lipopeptide biosurfactant. It can be obtained when using a ratio butter milk /distilled water of 1.5, poultry-transforming wastes of 23g/L and an inoculum size of 0.12. In comparison to the highest biosurfactant production yield reported for Bacillus subtilis SPB1, three fold increases were obtained.