Resistance to chemotherapy is believed to cause treatment failure of the patient cancer. Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) has been proven to possess anticancer activity on some cancer cell lines. The aimed of this study to develop ethanolic extract of secang wood (EES) as chemosensitizing agent through apoptotic induction on breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Extraction of secang was done by using maceration with 70 % ethanol. Single and combinatorial treatment of EES and doxorubicin on MCF-7 breast cancer cells were analyzed by using MTT assay to determine the IC50 value and combination index (CI) to evaluate the combinatorial effect. Apoptosis was analyzed with flowcytometry (annexin V). EES showed a dose-dependent cytotoxicity (IC50 value of 37 µg/ml), while combinatorial treatment showed that 7 concentrations was found to be synergist with doxorubicin on MCF-7 cells. Combinatorial treatment also triggered apoptotic instead of single treatment. Based on this result, we conclude that ethanolic extract of secang wood is potential as chemosensitizing agent in breast cancer.
The menopause women have the low level of estrogen in the body. The lack of estrogen changes physiological function in women’s body that affects in health condition. Carica papaya L. leaf contains flavonoid quercetin which exhibits estrogenic effect. The aim of this study is to determine the estrogenic effect of papaya leaves extract (PLE) in vivo, and in silico. Papaya leaves were extracted by ethanol 70% maceration. The in silico study were done by molecular docking between quersetin and Estrogen Receptor (ERα and ERβ) to obtain the docking score. Based on this study, docking score of quercetin was almost similar to the native ligand of ER. The in vivo study was done as follow: 36 female rats Sprague Dawley divided into six groups. The groups are shame-ovariectomized (S-OVX), control ovariectomized (OVX), CMC-Na control (OVX+CMC-Na), positive control (OVX+Estradiol), and the PLE treatment groups dose 750 mg/kgBW (OVX+750mg/kgBW) and dose 1000 mg/kgBW (OVX+1000 mg/kgBW). Administrations of PLE were done in three weeks orally, while estradiol was administrated intraperitonially. The mammae and uterine were sliced for analysis. Based on the study, the treatment of PLE increased the number of mammae lobules and uterine weight as well as estrogen does. In summary, PLE can be developed as a source of phytoestrogens.Keywords: Carica papaya L., phytoestrogen, estrogen receptor, mammae lobule, uterine
Bone loss and disturbance in the blood cholesterol profiles modulation are two effects caused by menopauses syndromes. As the estrogen concentration in the body decreased drastically, menopause women need the replacement of estrogen to keep the regulation of several physiological functions in the body, such as bone generation and cholesterol regulation in a good condition. Phytoestrogen in Carica papaya leaves, such as quercetin, could be one of the potential agents for the estrogenic effect. The aim of this study is to know the effects of papaya leaf extract (PLE) on the blood cholesterol profiles and bone density in ovariectomized rats. Thirty six female Sprague Dawley rats divided into six groups. The groups were sham-treated ovx (S-OVX), ovariectomized rats (OVX), CMC-Na control (OVX+CMC-Na), positive control (OVX+Estradiol), and the PLE treatment groups dose 750 mg/kgBW (OVX+750mg/kgBW) and dose 1000 mg/kgBW (OVX+1000 mg/kgBW). Administrations of PLE were done in three weeks orally and estradiol administrated intraperitonially. In the end of the treatment, the blood sample of tested animals was collected for the blood cholesterol determination (LDL, HDL, triglyceride, and total cholesterol) and the femur bones were examined for the bone density. Based on the results, PLE dose of 750 mg/kgBW a day in ovariectomized rats showed estrogenic effects in modulating blood cholesterol profile by lowering total cholesterol levels. Meanwhile, PLE dose of 1000 mg/kgBW significantly increased the bone density (p<0.05). Thus, PLE is potential to overcome the negative effects of post-menstrual women especially in the cholesterol blood profiles and bone density.Keywords : Carica papaya, phytoestrogen, bone density, blood cholesterol, ovariectomized rats
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