Iskandar BS, Iskandar J, Partasasmita R, Alfian RL. 2018. Planting coffee and take care of forest: A case study on coffee cultivation in the forest carried out among people of Palintang, Highland of Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2183-2195. People of Palintang hamlet of highland of Bandung, West Java have interacted with the forest ecosystem for a long time. In the past, initially, they cultivated forest by practicing swidden farming system (ngahuma) based on the traditional ecological knowledge which strongly embedded with local culture. During the Dutch colonial, some people of Palintang involved as the laborer of various activities of the culture system in the forest. After Indonesian independence, Palintang people have participated as laborers in various activities in the mixed-cropping (tumpangsari) program of the Forestry Service (Dinas Kehutan) and later on the State Forestry Corporation (Perhutani). In 1983, the tumpangsari program was formally prohibited because of its potency to cause environmental destructions, but some people of Palintang have continuously planted vegetables in the forest to get household income. Although the cultivation of vegetables in the forest provided some economic benefits, however, some forest destruction and environmental destructions, including soil erosion, landslide, pesticide pollution have not been inevitable. In 2005 Perhutani launched the management of forest resources together with the community (PHBM=Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Hutan Bersama Masyarakat), mainly by introducing Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L) to be planted in the pine (Pinus merkusii Jungh) forest to replace the farming of vegetables in the forest. This paper elucidates the historical process of introduction of Arabica coffee in the pine forest of Palintang through the PHBM program of Perhutani. The method used in this study was qualitative with descriptive analysis. Some techniques, namely observation, semi-structured interview, and participant observation were applied in this study. The result of the study showed that the introduction of coffee had been adopted by rural people of Palintang through a long time process with learning by doing. It was revealed that several factors caused the residents accepting coffee plants to be cultivated on forest land, i.e., coffee plants were only once planted in the past in their area, and the area is suitable for coffee cultivation. Besides, coffee has been considered to be planted and give economic benefits; and was initially planted in combination with annual crops, including vegetables, so that before the coffee is produced, the rural people can still produce annual agricultural products such as vegetable crops. However, when the coffee started to produce, time allocation, labor, and capital were more emphasized on the cultivation of coffee instead of vegetable crops; thus, cultivation of vegetables is gradually reduced and even stopped. The forest ecosystem of Palintang can be utilized and maintained by the rural community as indicated by their perception of the forest ecosystem. Thus, people of Palintang have increased awareness that they want to protect forest areas after their coffee cultivation in the forest area provides economic benefits to them.

Abstract. Iskandar J, Iskandar BS, Mulyanto D, Alfian RL, Partasasmita R. 2020. Traditional ecological knowledge of the bird traders on bird species bird naming, and bird market chain: A case study in bird market Pasty Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2586-2602. The bird-keeping in Indonesian society has been popular for a long time. Because the demand for birds has increased in an urban area, plenty of bird species are predominantly traded in urban bird markets. Bird market is a place for selling and buying various birds. The rise of bird trade in the bird markets in many regions of Indonesia has provided social and economic benefits for many people. But in addition to providing many benefits, the plentiful bird trade in bird markets that are not well managed is very worrying about the extinction of various bird species in rural ecosystems. This paper aimed to elucidate the Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) of bird traders on bird species traded, bird naming and folk classification of bird species, and market chain system based on a case study in bird market of Pasty, Yogyakarta. The method used in this study was a qualitative method with the ethnoornithological approach. The results of the study showed that it was documented 106 bird species representing 40 families traded in the Pasty bird market. The common local names and folk bird classification are culturally based on bird vocalization, special colors, morphological characteristics, special habitats, involvement in bird song contests, flying racing competitions, selling prices, and wilderness. Most wild and semi-bird species are traded in the Pasty bird market are predominantly supplied from a rural ecosystem.

Abstract. Iskandar BS, Iskandar J, Mulyanto D, Alfian RL, Suroso. 2021. Traditional market, social relations, and diversity of edible plants traded in Beringharjo Market, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2012-2024. Although the modern markets have rapidly developed in many cities of Indonesia in the last decades, the urban traditional markets still exist in Indonesia, including Beringharjo Market, Yogyakarta. This study illustrated the story and social relation activities, biodiversity of edible plants traded, and market chain system of edible plant supplies from rural areas to Beringharjo Market. The study was conducted between February and March 2019. The method used in this study was qualitative data with an ethnobotanical approach. Some field techniques, including plant surveys and deep interviews with competent informants, were employed to collect the primary data. The result of this study showed that historically the economic activities of Beringharjo Market had been existing very a long time at least documented in 1758, while the market building was constructed by the Sultanate of Yogyakarta Palace, Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono VIII in 1925. Like other traditional markets in Indonesia, the Beringharjo Market has played an important role in developing local economic activities, as the main place for the transaction of various edible plants and meeting for many ethnics, making the important as center of biocultural diversity at the local level. An ethnobotanical survey revealed that 93 edible plant species belonging to 37 families with a total of 159 landraces were commonly traded. The Beringharjo Market has traditionally traded a high diversity of edible plants that are supplied from local farmers productions of Yogyakarta and Central Java. Therefore, this traditional market has an important role in enhancing local economic development and contributing to promoting and conserving local plant diversity in this region.

Abstract. Alfian RL, Iskandar J, Iskandar BS, Suroso, Ermandara DP, Mulyanto D, Partasasmita R. 2020. Fish species, traders, and trade in traditional market: Case study in Pasar Baru, Balikpapan City, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 393-406. The purpose of this study is to analyze the species of fish traded by fish traders in the Pasar Baru traditional market, Balikpapan, East Kalimantan. In addition, this study analyses the Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) of fish traders on fishes, including naming fish, fish habitat and caught technique, sex differentiate, taste of fish, price of fish, origin of fish and processing, freshness of fish and preservation, and the transmission of knowledge and conservation of the fish species. This study used qualitative methods that ethnoichthyology approach was used, with some field technics, namely observation, depth interview, and survey of species of fish were applied. The results showed that there were 36 species, representing 22 families recorded in the traditional market of Pasar Baru. Fish traders have good knowledge on fishes, including naming fish, sex differentiate, fish caught, freshness of fish, and how to preserve fish. Traders often offer fish to buyers by mentioning the names and various aspects of fish species, so the traders have indirectly introduced and socialized the TEK of fish species to buyers and a wider community. In addition, since the high diversity of fish species has normally traded in the traditional market, it has an important function not only for the community's economy, but also have an important function for the conservation of biodiversity of fish species in the region.

Tradisi nyekar bagi wong Bakaran menjadi cara bagi warga Bakaranuntuk menghormati Nyai Ageng Bakaran sebagai pendiri Desa Bakaran.Melalui fenomena tersebut, tujuan penelitian ini mengkaji makna yangterkandung dalam tradisi tersebut dan menjelaskan proses menjadiidentitas budaya yang terus dimaknai oleh pemangkunya. Metode penelitianyang digunakan adalah metode etnografi. Teknik pengumpulan datamenggunakan observasi, wawancara mendalam, wawancara tak berencana,dan wawancara sambil lalu. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ingatan bersamawong Bakaran tentang Nyai Ageng Bakaran sebagai pendiri desa membuatingatan tersebut diaktualisasikan dalam suatu bentuk tradisi, yaitu tradisinyekar. Tradisi tersebut adalah cara masyarakat menjaga ingatan bersamamengenai hal yang dianggap penting bagi mereka. Aktualisasi ingatan yangmenjadi suatu tradisi menjadikan tradisi tersebut sebagai suatu penandabagi jati diri mereka