Terbinafine hydrochloride is an antifungal drug used in the treatment of fungal infections. The oral use of terbinafine hydrochloride is not recommended as it has many potential side effects and undergoes hepatic first pass metabolism. Topical route of application has a great potential as an effective and safe way to administer drug for its antifungal in effect. The concentration of surfactant and permeation enhancer significantly affects the critical parameters of cream formulation like flux, cumulative amount released at 12 hours and enhancement ratio. In vitro permeation study across rat epidermal membrane showed that menthol enhanced the transdermal absorption of drug from cream formulation. The topical cream formulation developed in this study holds the promise for the further in vivo studies. The aim of the present work under investigation is to check the effects of emulsifying agents (Cremophor RH40, Tween 60) and permeation enhancers (l-Menthol) on cream. Developing a formulation that is safe and can deliver the drug locally in an effective concentration for its effect. The development of topical antifungal drug delivery systems designed to have localized effects appears to be very advisable and beneficial over conventional routes of provides the drug administration. However, due to the relative impermeability of the stratum corneum, which principal resistance to percutaneous absorption, extensive studies are generally necessary in order to optimize both the release of the drug from the topical vehicle and skin permeation further, A topical formulation must be both physically and chemically stable, this require numerous excipients. Aesthetically pleasing, in addition to being properties, hence they play emulsifying agents and permeation enhancers have major influence on these important role. Keywords: Emulsifying agents, Permeation enhancers, Stratum corneum, Antifungal, Topical cream
Malaria is a major threat to the public health and economic development of many nations. While P. falciparum causes most malaria-induced mortality worldwide, P. vivax is the major cause of malaria morbidity. In this study we have compared two different brands of Arteether (EMAL and MATCH) for treating P. vivax initially. Arteether™ is a useful drug against chloroquine-resistant P. vivax malaria, without an increased incidence of toxicity. It has a longer half-life and has more lipophilic properties than artemether™, which aids its accumulation in brain tissues for the treatment of cerebral malaria. The study revealed that there was a significant difference in the effectiveness of these two formulations even though they were labeled to have similar indications. These indicate the need for prior examination of these kinds of products for their intended activity. The results of this study have provided evidence to support the better effectiveness of EMAL- brand over MATCH- brand. As EMAL has less viscosity, very good redispersibility, larger zone of inhibition. By observing all of these properties we can conclude that EMAL is a better formulation than MATCH, and can show better antimalarial property in patient suffering from Plasmodium malaria. Keywords: Antimalarial, Plasmodium species, Zone of inhibition, Indications, Mortality, Half-life
Clitoria ternatea, commonly known as butterfly pea, is a perennial herbaceous plant from the Fabaceae family. It has recently attracted a lot of interest as it has potential applications both in modern medicine and agriculture, and as a source of natural food colorants and antioxidants.Additionally, Clitoria ternateahas been widely used in traditional medicine, particularly as a supplement to enhance cognitive functions and alleviate symptoms of numerous ailments including fever, inflammation, pain, and diabetes.The present study was undertaken to investigate diuretic effect of aqueous and ethanolextracts of the dried flowers of Clitoria ternatea in normal rats.Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents was determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature.Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Clitoria ternateaflowers were administered to experimental ratsorally at doses of 500 mg/kg p.o. Furosemide (5 mg/kg) was used as positive control instudy. The diuretic effect of the extracts was evaluated by measuring urine volume and sodium content.Phytochemical screening of the extract showed the presence some common compounds like alkaloids, resins, steroids, tannins, saponins, and glycoside.Urine volume was significantly increased by aqueous and ethanol extracts incomparison to control group. While the excretion of sodium was also increased by both extracts.We can conclude that aqueous and ethanol extracts of Clitoria ternateaproduced notablediuretic effect which appeared to be comparable to that produced by the reference diuretic Furosemide. Thepresent study provides a quantitative basis for explaining the folkloric use of Clitoria ternateaas a diuretic agent. Keywords: Clitoria ternatea, Fabaceae, Phytochemical constituents, Diuretic effect, Furosemide
Vacha (Acorus calamus Linn (Acoraceae)) is a traditional Indian medicinal herb, which is practiced to treat a wide range of health ailments, including neurological, gastrointestinal, respiratory, metabolic, kidney, and liver disorders. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive up-to-date report on its ethnomedicinal use, phytochemistry, and pharmacotherapeutic potential, while identifying potential areas for further research. To date, 145 constituents have been isolated from this herb and identified, including phenylpropanoids, sesquiterpenoids, and monoterpenes. Compelling evidence is suggestive of the biopotential of its various extracts and active constituents in several metabolic and neurological disorders, such as anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and anti-obesity effects. The present extensive study is expected to provide insights into the involvement of several signaling pathways and oxidative mechanisms that can mitigate oxidative stress, and other indirect mechanisms modulated by active biomolecules of A. calamus to improve neurological and metabolic disorders. Keywords: Acorus calamus, Acoraceae, Phytochemistry, Pharmacotherapeutic potential
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