Objectives: To qualitatively and quantitatively review the use of melatonin as a topical/systemic formulation for the management of periodontitis. Materials and methods: PubMed; Scopus; and Web of Science databases were searched using the MesH terms “melatonin” and “periodontitis”. Title and abstracts were screened to eliminate irrelevant and duplicate articles. The full text data of the screened articles were assessed using the selection criteria. Results: Of 176 identified articles (PubMed-66; Scopus-56; Web of Science-52; Cross-reference-2), only 12 studies qualified to be included in the systematic review. Four studies assessed the independent effect of 1% topical melatonin formulation while 8 articles assessed the adjunctive use of systemic melatonin formulation (1–10 mg) following scaling and root planing (SRP). All studies showed an improvement in periodontal parameters such as pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, periodontal disease index, community periodontal index, gingival bleeding scores, and prognostic marker levels in saliva and serum. A meta-analysis of data from 2 studies revealed that 1–2 mg (systemic) melatonin supplementation reduced pocket depth; although the difference was not statistically significant and hence cannot be interpreted or used for conclusive evidence. Risk of Bias Assessment tool (RoBANS) and Cochrane Collaboration RoB tool elicited a high risk of bias in the included studies. GRADE (recommendation assessment, development, and evaluation) inferred a weak recommendation for the use of melatonin in periodontitis management. Conclusions: Melatonin supplementation (topical and systemic) in periodontitis patients improved key periodontal parameters including pocket depth and clinical attachment loss. Clinical relevance: Melatonin could be a potential host modulatory agent for periodontitis management; although the data from the present review should be interpreted carefully due to the associated high risk of bias.

This study demonstrates an increased proportion of CD14+CD16+HLA-DR++ monocytes/macrophages in the peripheral blood and gingiva of patients with CP.

Background The SARS-Cov-2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection affecting human populations worldwide is now a very concerning issue considering the morbidity and mortality rates. Despite several measures followed by the medical fraternity and general public, there is no resolution. Therapeutic measures to tackle the infection have been based on researching new designer drug molecules that could prevent viral entry into the human host. Melatonin has been tried as an adjuvant in the management of COVID 19(coronavirus disease) illness but its specific antiviral role has not been investigated. Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to conduct an in-silico analysis to investigate if melatonin and related drugs namely ramelteon and agomelatine could be used as antiviral agents in SARS-CoV-2 infection based on their binding to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding site (RBD) and Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2). Methods For docking studies (Pdb Id 1M0J), the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) crystal structure which was ACE2 cell receptor bounded was employed. From the PubChem database, the three-dimensional configuration of the ligands melatonin, ramelteon, and agomelatine was retrieved, and conceptual density functional theory (CDFT) was performed to determine molecular descriptors. Charges were added and optimized with the universal force field to prepare the ligands for the process of docking. For facilitation of readability by the AutoDock software conversion to PDBQT(Protein Data Bank, Partial Charge (Q), & Atom Type (T)) format was performed. AutoDock version 4.2.6 docking program and AutoDock Tools (ADT) version 1.5.6 were used for molecular docking. Desmond, a Package of Schrödinger LLC was used to simulate molecular dynamics for hundred nanoseconds using Results Data from the present study reveal that melatonin, ramelteon, and agomelatine demonstrate significant binding with SARS-CoV-2 RBD and ACE 2 demonstrating the fact that they can strongly prevent viral entry into the host cells through dual binding effects. However, Ramelteon was found to be the most superior amongst the 3 drugs analyzed in its antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion Results advocate further research in exploring the potential therapeutic applications of melatonin, ramelteon, and agomelatine for the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Collagen was isolated and purified from sheep intestines and cast into a film. The collagen film was cross‐linked with ultraviolet light and reinforced by imbedding a nylon mesh. The collagen membrane was evaluated as a wound dressing for second‐ and third‐degree burns in rats. Histopathological studies of the burns with and without the collagen dressings were made. The study showed the burn wounds dressed with collagen membrane exhibited rapid epithelialization with little inflammatory change and dense fibrous tissue ingrowth in the subdermal layers.

The aim was to provide a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative assessment of any potential differences in melatonin levels in periodontitis vs. the healthy state.The keyword combination "melatonin" AND "periodontitis" was searched in Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis were | Inclusion criteriaOriginal research in English language assessing the melatonin levels in saliva, plasma, gingival crevicular fluid, or gingival tissue samples of humans with and without periodontitis was included in the study. | Exclusion criteriaReviews, letters, conference abstracts, articles in a language other than English, articles based on animal models, and articles wherein sufficient details on the melatonin level in periodontitis could not be elucidated were excluded from the study. | Focus question"Do the melatonin levels vary between healthy individuals and patients with periodontitis?" | Search strategyThe keyword combination "melatonin" AND "periodontitis" was searched on June 22nd, 2020, in Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. The identified articles were manually cross-referenced for potential articles. The search results in the databases are presented as Supporting information. | Study selection and data extraction1. The identified articles were screened using their titles and abstracts for potential duplicates and relevance to the topic Radioimmunoassay Mean melatonin levels in plasma Controls: 14.33 ± 4.05 picograms/ml Cases: 9.46 ± 3.18 picograms/ml A significant lowering of melatonin was observed in the plasma of cases compared with controls (p < .001) Negative correlation between age and plasma melatonin in controls observed (r = −0.672, p < .001). No correlation was observed in cases. Mean melatonin levels in saliva Controls: 4.22 ± 0.87 picograms/ml Cases: 2.55 ± 0.99 picograms/ml A significant lowering of melatonin was observed in the saliva of cases compared with controls (p < .001) Mean salivary to plasma melatonin ratio Controls: 0.30 ± 0.06 Cases: 0.31 ± 0.07 No significant difference in cases and controls (p > .05) Plasma melatonin levels increase in patients with CPI scores of 3 and 4 CD4 + counts in plasma had a negative correlation with both plasma and salivary melatonin levels in cases (p