With all the news on cyber attacks and computer security in the last few years, it does not take much time to realize that some action must be taken to protect our organization before it hits close to our home. In fact, security has gone from backroom to the boardroom in a lightning speed. Network security depends on most of network configuration and vulnerabilities. Each machines overall susceptibility to attack depends upon the vulnerabilities of another machine. An attacker tries to exploit the least secure system by small attacks iteratively, where each exploit in the network provide the platform for subsequent exploit. Such a series is known as attack path and the set of all possible paths will form an attack graph. By their highly interdependencies, it is much complex to draw traditional vulnerability analysis. Several works have been done to construct an attack graphs. The goal of this paper is to provide a framework, architecture, and an intelligent approach to vulnerability analysis by utilizing the concept of automated scanning tools. By the changing environment, conducting a periodic in-house vulnerability assessment is very much essential.
A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with four circular rings of air holes expanded toward the cladding region is proposed. Four circular tiny air hole rings have been used between the air holes in a regular circular PCF to achieve low dispersion (D) and confinement loss (CL).Additionally, the core region is perforated with a rectangular-shaped hole filled with an extremely nonlinear material, gallium phosphide (GaP), to achieve the desired level of nonlinearity. We achieved extremely high nonlinearity and birefringence values of 4.6104 W -1 km -1 and 0.078 at the 1.55µm telecommunication window by doing so. Further, we observed the structure with varying pitch (Ʌ) values and found a significant reduction in dispersion and confinement loss, as well as a decrease in effective material loss (EML). Thus, at 1.55 µm, an ultra-high negative dispersion of -8000 ps/nm.km is achieved, particularly with Ʌ=1.8µm, along with extremely low confinement and material losses of 10 -9 dB/km and 0.017 cm -1 , respectively. Similarly, other critical parameters such as the power fraction, numerical aperture, and effective area have been examined. Hence, owing to these enhanced optical properties, the proposed PCF is capable of effectively compensating for dispersion, generating supercontinuum, and maintaining polarization.
A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with four circular rings of air holes expanded toward the cladding region is proposed. Four circular tiny air hole rings have been used between the air holes in a regular circular PCF to achieve low dispersion (D) and confinement loss (CL). Additionally, the core region is perforated with a rectangular-shaped hole filled with an extremely nonlinear material, gallium phosphide (GaP), to achieve the desired level of nonlinearity. We achieved extremely high nonlinearity and birefringence values of 4.6104 W-1km-1 and 0.078 at the 1.55µm telecommunication window by doing so. Further, we observed the structure with varying pitch (Ʌ) values and found a significant reduction in dispersion and confinement loss, as well as a decrease in effective material loss (EML). Thus, at 1.55 µm, an ultra-high negative dispersion of -8000 ps/nm.km is achieved, particularly with Ʌ=1.8µm, along with extremely low confinement and material losses of 10–9 dB/km and 0.017 cm-1, respectively. Similarly, other critical parameters such as the power fraction, numerical aperture, and effective area have been examined. Hence, owing to these enhanced optical properties, the proposed PCF is capable of effectively compensating for dispersion, generating supercontinuum, and maintaining polarization.
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