Osteoporosis is a disorder of bones with increasing risk among women. However, a number of modifiable factors can help in combating this disorder. Present study examined the relationship of diet and physical activity and risk of osteoporosis through biochemical tests, bone mass density (BMD) scores, and standard questionnaires. Genetic risk for osteoporosis, presence of osteoarthritis, and thyroid problems were found among 8%, 7%, and 3% of participants, respectively; and 78% had onset of menopause between 47 to 55 years of age. Results revealed that less intake of proteins, minerals, and diverse fruit and vegetable consumption was significantly (p≤0.05; 0.01) correlated with decreased BMD score and serum calcium. It was concluded that adequate intake of varied fruits and vegetables, good protein, habit of daily physical activity, adequate sun exposure, and dietary calcium, may play a promising role in decreasing the risk of osteoporosis among women of this age group.
All living organisms may act as host to a wide range of viruses, and can infect the human body causing severe illness or even death. Viruses have often been important in burdening infections and other illnesses and require special attention because of their different behaviour as compared to bacteria. Two highly pathogenic corona-viruses—severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)—supposed to be emerged from an wet market in china resulted in a global epidemic which took a tool on human lives and currently also the world is fighting a deadliest viral infection caused by a small pathogen possibly transmitted through the food chain in a wet market again in china. The environment is the reservoirs for many of these viruses and any human handling of animals carrying such viruses finds an easy route into human body. Besides, there had been various food borne outbreaks throughout the world due to contaminated agricultural produce, packaging, processed foods or through infected food handlers. Such incidents have prioritized the need for effective control measures, intensified research and risk assessment measures in controlling such outbreaks. This review highlights a brief description of viral transmissions, virus and human gut response and preventable strategies in the food chain to contain such infections.
The objective of this study was to examine the stability of the healthy nutrient bars developed as a supplement for the women approaching menopause, who are at risk of osteoporosis. In this study, convenient, ready-to-eat highly nutritious bars with natural food ingredients of plant origin were developed. These analyzed both nutritionally and microbiologically to check their suitability for supplementation to women at risk of osteoporosis. Bars were packed in metalized polyester films (MPF) under ambient conditions for a period of 90 days to further check their storage stability for a period of three months. The parameters which were determined to check its storage stability were physical, oxidative, sensory and textural profile analysis on monthly basis and microbiological changes on fortnightly basis. Physical characteristics of the bar showed no significant change however chemical parameters like Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and free fatty acid values increased significantly (p≤0.05) on storage. Bars remained microbiologically safe and acceptable during entire period of storage under ambient temperature (15-35°C) conditions. After 3 months of storage, the overall acceptability score of bars decreased significantly (p≤0.05) from 8.25 to 7.42 on a 9 point hedonic scale with an increase in free fatty acid values from 1.15 to 3.36 meqO2/kg fat, TBA value from 0.22 to 0.91 mg malonaldehyde (MA)/ kg and Browning Index showed no significant increase from 0.14 to 0.28 (OD) on three months of storage. Texture profile analysis helped in evaluating the change in hardness gumminess, chewiness and cohesiveness of the bar, which affected the physical appearance and overall acceptability of the product.
Front Line Demonstration (FLD) Programme on Shalimar Rice-4 was carried out during the four successive years of 2018, 2019, 2020and 2021on the farmers field. The farmers were selected from different villages of the district Budgam. The variety SR-4 was used in the demonstrated plots atfarmers’ field where different field operations were carried out according to the package of practices of SKUAST-K. During the FLD programme the average seed yield of SR-4 during the four years was 85q/hain demonstrated fields as compared to50.5q/ha seed obtained from the local check (China-1039).The average technology gap over the four years was found to be 2.08q/ha and extension gap 34.56q/ha. The average technology index was 3.18 per cent. Higher gross returns (Rs. 1,30,013 ha-1), net returns (89,637.5 ha-1) with a benefit-cost ratio of 2.22 were found in demonstrated fields as compared to 1.38 in case of local check. The higher yield is attributed to the introduction of newly released SKUAST K high yielding variety of rice (SR-4).
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