Geographical Indications (GI) are signs or tags that are used on agricultural, manufactured and natural goods in order to distinguish and protect them. The protection of such GI’s gives owners and cultivators due recognition in the world, and the buyers become aware of the original product belonging to a specific area. Pakistan enacted its GI law in 2020, and despite great potential, there have still been a very minute number of GI registrations. Pakistan is a diverse country rich in culture, values, and identities. There are numerous potential Geographical indications that have not been registered in the country due to various impediments in the processes of its registration. In order to register Geographical Indications in Pakistan, there are several barriers that must be overcome, including lack of knowledge, lack of technology, lack of a connection between IP tribunals and the business community, a dearth of subject-matter specialists, etc. Pakistani gemstones, fruits, delicacies, footwear, sports products, cutlery, sweets, traditional outfits and headgear are thought to be registered as strong GI's in the nation. These potential Geographical Indications, if registered, could earn a great amount of money for the national exchequer and improve the dilapidated financial condition of the country.
The Qisas and Diyat is product of Islamic jurisprudence. The laws in Pakistan with distinct applicability of conceptual approach of Qisas and Diyat laws in trails are inadequately address the purposes of criminal justice along with consequences of vast judicial dircretion in Qisas and Diyat cases will not serving the purpose of administering justice. The Holy Quran hasn’t provided dictionary definition of justice, but it establishes conceptual approach to the principle of equilibrium, parity, righteous, proper assessing, veracity, individual capacity and progress and the accepted mandate. The key form of justice is the egalitarianism of human personalities being valued as Human beings, evidently indicated in the Holy injunctions of and even stressed in the last Holy Sermon of (PBUH). The Qisas and Diyat is product of Islamic jurisprudence. The laws in Pakistan with distinct applicability of conceptual approach of Qisas and Diyat laws in trails are inadequately addressed the purposes of criminal justice along with consequences of vast judicial discretion in Qisas and Diyat cases will not serve the purpose of administering justice. The Holy Quran hasn’t provided a dictionary definition of justice, but it establishes a conceptual approach to the principle of equilibrium, parity, righteousness, proper assessing, veracity, individual capacity and progress and the accepted mandate. The key form of justice is the egalitarianism of human personalities being valued as Human beings, evidently indicated in the Holy injunctions of and even stressed in the last Holy Sermon of (PBUH). The Qisas and Diyat laws, as pooled in Pakistan Penal Code, 1860, have not been argued and debated adequately and hence contain imperfections, tend to bring imbalance and introduce crimes like violence against women, vani, swara etc. The aim of the analysis is to address the shortcomings and loopholes prevailing in the criminal justice system by advancing solutions and concept clarity related to the institution of aqilah.
Murabahah is one of the contracts of sale of goods by a person to another under an agreement whereby the seller obliges himself to disclose to the buyer the cost of goods sold to the buyer, whether that is on a cash basis or deferred payment. The seller has to disclose to the buyer the margin of profit included in the sale price of goods agreed to be sold. It is a cost-plus markup sale, which is the ideal sale contract under Islamic Law. The basic theme of this research paper is to highlight the significance of the contract of Murabahah as a simple contract for the protection of consumers and not as a model of financing, which is prevalent in today’s Islamic banks. It aims to highlight its role in different types of sale contracts and its application to the sale of some major commodities. Both aspects of Murabahah, i.e., Murabahah as a simple sale contract for the protection of consumers and Murabahah financing, are discussed. The paper aims to explain how a simple Murabahah Contract protects the interest of consumers better than any other sale contract.
Democracies exist all over the world. In democratic states, elected officials make collective decisions on behalf of the people. People of a state are allowed to regulate their elected officials by unique institutions such as regular elections, the right to free political participation, universal adult suffrage. Similarly, the freedom of the press. In the state where democracy is assured, government agencies (executive, judiciary, and legislature) operate in individual and collective domains to fulfil their constitutional responsibilities. Every person has a direct relationship with these critical institutions, especially the judiciary. The parties' grievances are filed with the state's administrative body in the event of a violation of duty or citizens' rights. Judicial independence is essential for the state's citizens' rights to be protected. If there is judicial independence, there will equal rights for the citizens.
Domestic violence is a major social issue because of its various severe physical, psychological, emotional, and social implications. When a culture rationalises such anti-human practises and gives them a structural form, they become part of the structural framework. Domestic violence is considered a private matter, though it is the most common crime in Pakistan. No one paid heed to such violence unless disfigurement or death took place. Two provinces of Pakistan ratified a law on domestic violence, but there is no national legislation on the issue. Such violence comes under the ambit of the Criminal law, which prescribes a death sentence in the case of femicide and various terms of imprisonment depending on the nature of the wound. Domestic violence is a significant issue in Pakistan. To know the legal reality of a system, analysis of court decisions must be complemented by the research and work of other legal bodies. The study will help to improve the existing laws and lead to the introduction of new laws, social and political policies to solve the problem of domestic violence.
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