In recent years, an increasing number of blockchain consortia have emerged. However, little is known about how these consortia are developed and what tensions emerge in such collaborations. We describe the evolution of the cardossier blockchain consortium in Switzerland, which is building a system for managing car data and seeking to improve collaboration between players in the car-related ecosystem. From our involvement with the cardossier project, we have gained insights that will be valuable for enterprises considering whether to join a blockchain consortium.

Blockchain technology comes with the promise of being a disruptive technology with the potential for novel ways of interaction in a wide range of applications. Following broader application, scholarly interest in the technology is growing, though an extensive analysis of blockchain applications from a governance perspective is lacking to date. This research pays special attention to the governance of blockchain systems and illustrates decision problems in 14 blockchain systems from four application domains. Based on academic literature, semi-structured interviews with representatives from those organizations, and content analysis of grey literature, common problems in blockchain governance have been singled out and contextualized. Studying their enactment revealed their relevance to major organizational theories in what we labelled "Patrolling the borders", "External Legitimation", "Reduction of Discretionality", and "Temporal Management". The identification of these problems enriches the scarce body of knowledge on the governance of blockchain systems, resulting in a better understanding of how blockchain governance links to existing concepts and how it is enacted in practice.

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The blockchain comes with the promise of being a disruptive technology with the potential for novel ways of interaction in a wide range of applications. Although scholarly interest in the technology is growing, a broad analysis of blockchain applications from a governance perspective lacks to date. This research pays special attention to the governance of blockchain systems and illustrates core governance decisions on 15 blockchain systems from four application domains. Based on academic literature, semi-structured interviews with representatives from those companies, and content analysis of grey literature, different blockchain governance decisions have been derived and their enactment described. The identification of them enriches the scarce body of knowledge on blockchain systems with a better understanding of how key governance decisions are enacted in practice.

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