This study addresses three questions: How often and how consistently do predictors for emotion regulation choice occur in daily life? What predicts emotion regulation choice in daily life? How do predictors for emotion regulation choice interact in daily life? We examined emotion regulation goals (i.e., prohedonic and social goals), situational factors (i.e., perceived control, expected reoccurrence, and emotional intensity), and emotion regulation strategies (i.e., active coping, distraction, rumination, cognitive reappraisal, and expressive suppression) in negative emotion events. A total of 110 individuals (65% female) participated in an experience sampling study and received beeps, five times a day over the course of 9 days. We used a random intercept model to estimate our results. Emotion regulation goals and situational factors vary strongly in different events within the same person. Emotion regulation strategies, effective in changing the emotional experience, are crucial for prohedonic goals, whereas expressive suppression is important for social goals. Perceived control was positively associated with putatively adaptive strategies. Emotional intensity and expected reoccurrence were negatively associated with putatively adaptive strategies. Emotional intensity was positively associated with putatively maladaptive strategies. Emotion regulation strategies were not associated with the interaction of emotion regulation goals and situational factors. We conclude that emotion regulation goals and situational factors are extremely contextdependent, suggesting that they should be treated as states. Emotion regulation goals appear to have a functional association with strategies for prohedonic and social goals. The associations between situational factors and strategies in daily life appear to be largely different from the results found in the laboratory, emphasizing the importance of experience sampling studies.

No abstract

No abstract

Many psychological phenomena have a multilevel structure (e.g., individuals within teams or events within individuals). In these cases, the proportion of betweenvariance to total-variance (i.e., the sum between-variance and within-variance) is of special importance and usually estimated by the intraclass coefficient (1) [ICC(1)]. Our contribution firstly shows via mathematical proof that measurement error increases the within-variance, which in turn decreases the ICC(1). Further, we provide a numerical example, and examine the RMSEs, alpha error rates and the inclusion of zero in the confidence intervals for ICC(1) estimation with and without measurement error. Secondly, we propose two corrections [i.e., the reliability-adjusted ICC(1) and the measurement model-based ICC(1)] that yield correct estimates for the ICC(1), and prove that they are unaffected by measurement error mathematically. Finally, we discuss our findings, point out examples of the underestimation of the ICC(1) in the literature, and reinterpret the results of these examples in the light of our new estimator. We also illustrate the potential application of our work to other ICCs. Finally, we conclude that measurement error distorts the ICC(1) to a non-negligible extent.

Currently, emotion regulation goals are being perceived as highly situational. This assumption might be wrong, though, as the preeminent measure [the intraclass coefficient (1), ICC(1)] overestimates the proportion of within-variance under the condition of measurement error. We therefore empirically test whether emotion regulation goals represent more of a between-person or a within-person phenomenon, using the reliability-adjusted ICC(1). A total of 305 students participated in a daily diary study and answered a questionnaire about their emotion regulation goals in the most negative event of the day over the course of 9 days. Multilevel analyses suggest that emotion regulation goals vary more between persons than heretofore assumed, especially for hedonic goals, but also for social goals. Besides, we show substantial differences in the within-variance across individuals. We conclude by discussing theoretical implications for general and clinical psychology.

The self-concept and signaling theories of charisma posit that charismatic signals do not universally affect all followers, but only those who have (partially) congruent values with their leaders. This represents a central assumption in charisma theory and our study tests it–to the best of our knowledge–for the first time. We investigate the effect of leader charisma on follower perceived leader charisma, prototypicality, and effectiveness and whether leader-follower value congruence moderates these relationships. In this pre-registered experiment, we manipulated leader charisma, using video recorded speeches (charismatic vs. neutral) about a foodbank and measured value congruence via questionnaire (i.e., altruism and helping others attitude; the higher the scores imply stronger value congruence with the leader’s mission (i.e., the food bank)). Our pre-registered study showed that charismatic signaling fosters perceived leader charisma, prototypicality, and effectiveness. Helping others attitudes moderated the relationship for perceived leader charisma and effectiveness, but not for prototypicality. Altruism did not moderate any of the relationship. Theoretical and practical implications, and limitations are discussed.

No abstract

ZusammenfassungIm vorliegenden Beitrag für die Zeitschrift „Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO)“ wird eine – bezogen auf Annahmen und Aufwand – ökonomischere Evaluationsstrategie auf Basis von öffentlich verfügbaren Daten entwickelt und empirisch überprüft. Bislang wurde der Erfolg von Nachwuchsleistungszentren (NLZ) im deutschen Profifußball über aufwändige Expertenschätzungen der Qualität der aufgebauten organisationalen Ressourcen gemessen. Es wurde eine minderungskorrigierte, konvergente Validität in Höhe von r = 0,84 zwischen dem inputorientierten, extrem personal- und kostenintensiven bisherigen Verfahren und unserem outputorientierten Indikator gefunden. Die Ergebnisse werden diskutiert und mit Ratschlägen für die weitere Umsetzung verbunden.