Immature stages of I. pulverulenta (Olivier, 1789) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Incini) are described for the first time, and those of I. bonpalandi (Gyllenhal, 1827) and I. clathrata sommeri Westwood, 1845 are redescribed. A key to the third instar of Incini is presented, notes on Inca larval characters in the phylogenetic context of Cetoniinae and on scarab pupal morphology are also given.

Abstract We present an annotated catalogue for the tribe Incini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) including references to all taxonomic and nomenclatural acts, clarifying the spelling of names, providing type depositories and occurrence records for the species. The spelling of Golinca davisii (Waterhouse, 1877) is fixed, and the incorrect subsequent spelling Pantodinus klugi Burmeister, 1847 is preserved. A comprehensive list of all valid names in Incini is provided. Furthermore, we describe the third species in the genus Archedinus Morón & Krikken, 1990, and first one known from outside of Mexico, A. antoshkai Seidel & Arriaga-Varela sp. nov. from Cerro las Minas, the highest mountain in Honduras. We provide an updated determination key for the species of Archedinus. The new species is compared with Archedinus howdeni Morón & Vaz-de-Mello, 2007, the most similar species in terms of genital and habitus morphology. An updated key to identification of males of Archedinus is provided.

Studies about the immature stages of Orphninae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) species are scarce. The subfamily includes 214 species, but only 5 have the immature stages described: Chaetonyx robustus liguricus Mariani, 1946, Hybalus benoiti Tournier, 1864, H. rotroui Petrovitz, 1964 and Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844) from Old World; and Aegidium cribratum Bates, 1887 from the New World. The Neotropical genus Paraegidium Vulcano, Pereira & Martinez, 1966 encompass five species, mainly recorded from Brazil. Herein, the immature stages of P. costalimai Vulcano, Pereira & Martinez, 1966 are described and illustrated, along with remarks on the presence of egg-buster in Scarabaeidae first-instar larvae. A key to the third-instar larvae of known Orphninae and a comparative study of chaetotaxy are also provided.

This paper provided a list of all new Brazilian Hexapoda species described in 2020. Furthermore, based on the information extracted by this list, we tackled additional questions regarding the taxa, the specialists involved in the species descriptions as well as the journals in which those papers have been published. We recorded a total of 680 new Brazilian species of Hexapoda described in 2020, classified in 245 genera, 112 families and 18 orders. These 680 species were published in a total of 2019 articles comprising 423 different authors residing in 27 countries. Only 30% of these authors are women, which demonstrates an inequality regarding sexes. In relation to the number of authors by species, the majority of the new species had two authors and the maximum of authors by species was five. We also found inequalities in the production of described species regarding the regions of Brazil, with Southeast and South leading. The top 10 institutions regarding productions of new species have four in the Southeast, two at South and with one at North Region being the outlier of this pattern. Out of the total 219 published articles, Zootaxa dominated with 322 described species in 95 articles. The average impact factor was of 1.4 with only seven articles being published in Impact Factors above 3, indicating a hardship on publishing taxonomic articles in high-impact journals. The highlight of this paper is that it is unprecedent, as no annual record of Hexapoda species described was ever made in previous years to Brazil.