This study showed a high prevalence of insufficient physical activity levels and exposure to sedentary behaviors among adolescents.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clustering of risk behaviors for chronic non-communicable diseases and their associated factors among adolescents from Southern Brazil.MethodsIn 2008, a survey was conducted with 3990 adolescents aged 14–15 years (mean: 14.3; SD: 0.6) from the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study. Clustering was determined by comparing observed (O) and expected (E) prevalence of all possible combinations of the four risk factors investigated (smoking, alcohol intake, low fruit intake, and physical inactivity). We carried out Poisson regression to evaluate the effect of individual characteristics on the presence of at least three risk behaviors.ResultsAll risk factors tended to cluster together (O/E prevalence = 3.0), especially smoking and alcohol intake (odds ratio to present on behavior in the presence of other > 5.0). Approximately 15% of adolescents displayed three or more risk behaviors. Females (adjusted OR = 1.55), people 15 years and older (OR = 1.47), with black skin color (OR = 1.23), and of low socioeconomic level (OR = 1.29) were more likely to display three or more risk factors.ConclusionThese findings suggest that lifestyle-related risk factors tend to cluster among adolescents. Identifying subgroups at greater risk of simultaneously engaging in multiple risk behaviors may aid in the planning of preventive strategies.

Abstract

Findings suggest that higher levels of enrollment in PE classes could play a role in the promotion of health-related behaviors among high school students.

Background Structured settings, such as school, childcare, afterschool programs, summer camps, and physical activity/sport programs are crucial to promoting physical activity (PA) opportunities and reducing sedentary (ST) for children and adolescents. However, little is known about how much PA and ST children and adolescents accumulate in structured settings. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the absolute amount of time youth spend physically active and sedentary in different structured settings (Prospero number: 42018111804). Methods Observational and experimental/quasi-experimental studies (baseline data only) with full-text available, written in English and published in a peer-reviewed journal, reporting the total amount of objectively measured PA (light, moderate, vigorous, and/or total physical activity) and/or time spent ST during structured settings among youth (3 to 18 years) were eligible. Adjusted meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled mean of time spent in PA and ST, by settings and sex. Results A total of 187 studies (childcare n=60; school n=91; afterschool programs n=14; summer camp n=4; and Physical activity/ sport programs n=18) from 30 countries (47.9% United States), representing 74,870 youth (mean age 8.6 years old) were included. Overall, there was a high variation between studies in outcomes and settings. The meta-analyses revealed, on average, youth spend 221.8 minutes (36.7 min/hour) in ST and 32.1 minutes (5.1 min/hour) in MVPA during childcare hours, and 223.9 minutes (36.7min/hour) in ST and 27.8 min (4.4 min/hour) in MVPA at school. Relatively, youth are engaged in more MVPA in afterschool programs (11.7 min/hour), PA/ sport programs (20.9 min/hour), and summer camps (6.4 min/hour), when compared to childcare and school. Conclusion Total PA accumulated during childcare and MVPA accumulated during schools hours were close to recommendations, despite high proportion of ST. Afterschool programs, summer camp and PA/ sport programs are important settings that can contribute to daily PA and reduced ST. Ensuring all youth have access to these structured settings may be an important step forward for public health.

Body satisfaction and associated factors among high school students ABstrActObjective: To analyze body satisfaction among students and its possible associations with nutritional status, sociodemographic factors, life style and health perception.Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled students aged 15 to 20 years of public schools from the city of Caruaru, Northeast Brazil. Anthropometric, socio-demographic, life style and health perception, sleep, stress and body image variables were evaluated. The body mass index for gender and age was used to diagnose underweight, and overweight according to Conde and Monteiro (2006). Binary logistic regression was applied with the occurrence of "dissatisfaction with thinness" and "dissatisfaction with excess weight" as outcomes.Results: 594 students (62% females) aged 17.5±1.6 years old were studied. A proportion of 38.7% (95%CI 34.8-42.7) were satisfied with their body weight, while 31.3% (95%CI 27.6-35.2) would like to increase it and 30.0% (95%CI 26.3-33.8) would like to reduce it. The students who were satisfied with their weight ate at least five servings of vegetables/day, three or more meals/day, and they had a positive perception of sleep. Males and individuals with low weight expressed the desire to increase their body weight, while females, students who have less than three meals/day, students with higher income, and those with overweight would like to reduce their weight. Among the males who would like to increase their body weight 13.5% had overweight and 18.8% of the females who desired to reduce their weight were underweight. Conclusions:Preventive measures that include the discussion about body culture and health damage risks are needed. These measures should target genders' specificities.Key-Words: body image; adolescent; nutritional status.resumo Objetivo: Investigar a satisfação corporal em estudantes e possíveis associações ao estado nutricional, fatores sociodemográficos, estilo de vida e percepção de saúde.Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com estudantes de 15 a 20 anos de idade de escolas públicas do município de Caruaru (PE). Foram avaliadas variáveis antropométricas, sociodemográficas, de estilo de vida e percepção de saúde, sono, estresse e imagem corporal. Utilizou-se o índice de massa corporal por gênero e idade para diagnosticar baixo peso, eutrofia e excesso de peso, segundo o critério o Conde e Monteiro (2006). Na análise multivariada, recorreu-se à regressão logística binária, adotando-se a ocorrência de "insatisfação pela magreza" e de "insatisfação pelo excesso" como desfechos.Resultados: Amostra composta por 594 estudantes (62% moças), com idade média de 17,5±1,6 anos. Conclusões: Há necessidade de realizar medidas preventivas que visem esclarecer sobre a cultura do corpo e o risco de danos à saúde, conduzidas de forma independente para cada sexo.Palavras-chave: imagem corporal; adolescente; estado nutricional. resumeN Objetivo: Investigar la satisfacción corporal en estudiantes y posibles asociaciones con el estado nutricional, fact...

The results of this study allow us to establish the prevalence of risk behaviors in cluster, which may have important implications for health policies and practices. It is suggested that educational and health actions are tested in schools, and physical education classes can be an important context for intervention.

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