Abstract. We analyze the climate change signal in the Mediterranean Sea using the regionally coupled model REMO–OASIS–MPIOM (ROM; abbreviated from the regional atmosphere model, the OASIS3 coupler and the Max Planck Institute Ocean Model). The ROM oceanic component is global with regionally high horizontal resolution in the Mediterranean Sea so that the water exchanges with the adjacent North Atlantic and Black Sea are explicitly simulated. Simulations forced by ERA-Interim show an accurate representation of the present Mediterranean climate. Our analysis of the RCP8.5 (representative concentration pathway) scenario using the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model shows that the Mediterranean waters will be warmer and saltier throughout most of the basin by the end of this century. In the upper ocean layer, temperature is projected to have a mean increase of 2.7 ∘C, while the mean salinity will increase by 0.2 psu, presenting a decreasing trend in the western Mediterranean in contrast to the rest of the basin. The warming initially takes place at the surface and propagates gradually to deeper layers. Hydrographic changes have an impact on intermediate water characteristics, potentially affecting the Mediterranean thermohaline circulation in the future.

Abstract. We assess the role of ocean feedbacks in the simulation of the present climate and on the downscaled climate change signal in the Mediterranean Sea with the regionally coupled model REMO-OASIS-MPIOM (ROM). The ROM oceanic component is global with regionally high horizontal resolution in the Mediterranean Sea. In our setup the Atlantic and Black Sea circulations are simulated explicitly. Simulations forced by ERA-Interim show a good representation of the present Mediterranean climate. Our analysis of the RCP8.5 scenario driven by MPI-ESM shows that the Mediterranean waters will be warmer and saltier across most of the basin by the end of the century. In the upper ocean layer temperature is projected to have a mean increase of 2.73 °C, while the mean salinity increases by 0.17 psu, presenting a decreasing trend in the Western Mediterranean, opposite to the rest of the basin. The warming initially takes place at the surface and propagates gradually to the deeper layers.

No abstract

The dynamical mode decomposition (DMD) technique is applied to the data of currentmeter and CTD measurements taken during the 1985-1986 Gibraltar Experiment and the 1989 survey so as to clarify features of the vertical structure of the M 2 and S 2 tidal currents at the Camarinal Sill. It is shown that in conformity with the inference made on the basis of the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decomposition technique, these currents are mainly due to the M 2 and S 2 barotropic modes. At the same time the first three baroclinic modes are responsible not only for the vertical variability of the tidal currents but also for the velocity and density amplitude variances at semidiurnal frequencies. Certain quantitative discrepancies between the values of barotropic tidal current characteristics as deduced from DMD and EOF decomposition techniques are revealed. In order to eliminate these, new currentmeter data are required with a finer vertical resolution than those which are available. © 2000 Ifremer/CNRS/IRD/É ditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS barotropic and baroclinic modes / tidal current / dynamical mode decomposition / Strait of Gibraltar Résumé-Structure verticale des courants de marée semi-diurne sur le seuil du détroit de Gibraltar. La structure verticale des courants de marée M 2 et S 2 sur le seuil Camarinal a été étudiée en appliquant la technique de décomposition en mode dynamique (DMD) aux données de courantométrie et d'hydrologie de l'expérience Gibraltar 1985-1986 et à celles de la campagne 1989. Les résultats, en accord avec l'analyse par fonctions empiriques orthogonales (EOF), indiquent que les courants sont engendrés par les modes barotropes M 2 et S 2. Les trois premiers modes baroclines sont responsables de la variabilité verticale des courants de marée et des variances d'amplitude de la vitesse et de la densité aux fréquences semi-diurnes. Certains écarts quantitatifs apparaissent entre les valeurs des caractéristiques du courant de marée barotrope obtenues par les techniques de décomposition DMD et EOF. Pour éliminer ces écarts, il faudrait disposer de nouvelles données de courantométrie avec une meilleure résolution verticale. © 2000 Ifremer/CNRS/IRD/É ditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS modes barotrope et barocline / courant de marée / décomposition en mode dynamique / détroit de Gibraltar

The present work establishes clear relationships of amplitude and phase variation of barotropic A42 the velocity the current with the flow in Strait The analytical procedure is applied data from Gibraltar Experiment and amplitude and phase variation of signal series involves and complex demodulation. In addition, cross-spectral analysis has been applied to study A42 subinertial oscillation is proposed the responsible physical mechanism. this type the experimental results. 0 Elsevier, Paris. RtiSUMl? non linkaire les flux barotropes de make dans le dktroit les relations les variations dans le dCtroit flux barotrope subinertiel. Les sent traitCes par