In this work, the seeds of açaí (Euterpe oleracea, Mart), a rich lignin-cellulose residue, has been submitted to pyrolysis to produce a bio-oil-like fossil fuels. The pyrolysis carried out in a reactor of 143 L, 450°C, and 1.0 atm. The morphology of Açaí seeds in nature and after pyrolysis is characterized by SEM, EDX, and XRD. The experiments show that bio-oil, gas, and coke yields were 4.38, 30.56, and 35.67% (wt.), respectively. The bio-oil characterized by AOCS, ASTM, and ABNT/NBR methods for density, kinematic viscosity, and acid value. The bio-oil density, viscosity, and acid value were 1.0468 g/cm 3 , 68.34 mm 2 /s, and 70.26 KOH/g, respectively. The chemical composition and chemical functions of bio-oil are determined by GC-MS and FT-IR. The GC-MS identified in bio-oil 21.52% (wt.) hydrocarbons and 78.48% (wt.) oxygenates (4.06% esters, 8.52% carboxylic acids, 3.53% ketones, 35.16% phenols, 20.52% cresols, 5.75% furans, and 0.91% (wt.) aldehydes), making it possible to apply fractional distillation to obtain fossil fuel-like fractions rich in hydrocarbons. The distillation of bio-oil is carried out in a laboratory-scale column, according to the boiling temperature of fossil fuels. The distillation of bio-oil yielded fossil fuel-like fractions (gasoline, kerosene, and light diesel) of 4.70, 28.21, and 22.35% (wt.), respectively.

Aims To evaluate the production of biosurfactants by fungi isolated from the Amazonian species Piper hispidum (Piperaceae), and to determine the physico‐chemical properties of the crude biosurfactant obtained from the most promising fungi. Methods and Results A total of 117 endophytic fungi were isolated, and 50 were used to verify the production of biosurfactants. Of these, eight presented positive results in the drop collapse test, and emulsification index ranging from 20 to 78%. The most promising fungi, Ph III 23L and Ph II 22S (identified as Aspergillus niger and Glomerella cingulata, respectively) were recultivated for extraction and analysis of the biosurfactant’s physico‐chemical characteristics. The cultivation broth that presented the greatest decrease in surface tension (36%) was that of the A. niger, which reduced it from 68·0 to 44·0 mN m−1. The lowest critical micellar concentration value was found for the same endophyte (14·93 mg ml−1). Conclusions Endophytes of P. hispidum proved to be interesting producers of biosurfactants and presented promising physico‐chemical characteristics for applications in diverse industrial sectors. Significance and Impact of the Study Piper hispidum endophytic fungi can be used as a new source of biosurfactants, as these molecules present a significant market due to their wide industrial applications.

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This work aims to investigate the influence of temperature and chemical impregnation in the textural and morphological composition of the bio-adsorbent of bio-adsorption via thermal cracking of the seeds of açaí. The experiments were carried out at 400 °C and 450 °C using a pilot scale reactor. The efficiency of the organic process was calculated in terms of liquid and solid products selected with a chemical impregnation process with NaOH, mainly with the liquid that had a greater product conversion. The elementary samples of the solid products occur with the occurrence of carbonization with an increase in the temperature of the process and the presence of impregnation. The textural and morphological characterization occurred with an analysis of FT-IR, SEM/EDS, XRF, and B.E.T. The in-phase product was developed through the creation of açaí seed in nature and impregnated with NaOH solution (2 M) at temperatures of 400 °C and 450 °C. The adsorption kinetics of acetic acid were investigated at 5, 10, 15, 20, 60, 120, and 180 s. The adsorption is higher at 450 °C and with the chemical impregnation of NaOH since the experiments were able to remove an amount of 317.51 mg acid/g adsorbent acetic acid. All the models analyzed fit the experiments, both for the kinetic models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order) and for the equilibrium models (Langmuir and Freundlich).

The residual peels of andiroba seeds were submitted to alkaline pretreatment that aimed to maximize the recovery of fermented sugar. Evaluation of the best operation performance via the reaction time variables (20, 60, and 100 min), NaOH concentration (2, 3, and 4% (m/v)), and temperature (60, 90, and 120 °C) at a fixed solids concentration of 5% (m/v) was performed. A Box-Behnken experimental design was used. Lignocellulosic material was characterized by cellulose (30.57 ± 1.00%), hemicellulose (15.08 ± 0.65%), lignin (36.02 ± 1.05%), extractives (7.49 ± 0.03%), and ash (1.53 ± 0.28%). The optimization was performed using the response surface methodology approach. The model provided a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.95. The predicted optimal conditions for the process were a reaction time of 100 min, NaOH concentration of 4% (m/v), and temperature of 120 °C, which allowed the authors to obtain a saccharification of approximately 47.9%.

A atividade endoglucanásica foi avaliada diariamente. As três actinobactérias avaliadas demonstraram potencial para produção de celulases a partir dos diferentes resíduos. A linhagem isolada do solo de Pernambuco foi a mais promissora, em especial quando cultivada no resíduo da hidrodestilação do pau-rosa.

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