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-The objective of this work was to evaluate elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) genotypes for bioenergy production by direct biomass combustion. Five elephant grass genotypes grown in two different soil types, both of low fertility, were evaluated. The experiment was carried out at Embrapa Agrobiologia fi eld station in Seropédica, RJ, Brazil. The design was in randomized complete blocks, with split plots and four replicates. The genotypes studied were Cameroon, Bag 02, Gramafante, Roxo and CNPGL F06-3. Evaluations were made for biomass production, total biomass nitrogen, biomass nitrogen from biological fi xation, carbon/ nitrogen and stem/leaf ratios, and contents of fi ber, lignin, cellulose and ash. The dry matter yields ranged from 45 to 67 Mg ha -1 . Genotype Roxo had the lowest yield and genotypes Bag 02 and Cameroon had the highest ones. The biomass nitrogen accumulation varied from 240 to 343 kg ha -1. The plant nitrogen from biological fi xation was 51% in average. The carbon/nitrogen and stem/leaf ratios and the contents of fi ber, lignin, cellulose and ash did not vary among the genotypes. The fi ve genotypes are suitable for energy production through combustion.Index terms: Pennisetum purpureum, ash, agroenergy, biological nitrogen fi xation, genotype, lignin. Genótipos de capim-elefante para produção de bioenergia por combustão direta da biomassaResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar genótipos de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) quanto ao potencial para a produção de bioenergia por combustão direta da biomassa. Avaliaram-se cinco genótipos de capim-elefante, em dois solos com baixa fertilidade. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na estação experimental da Embrapa Agrobiologia, em Seropédica, RJ. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Os genótipos estudados foram Cameroon, Bag 02, Gramafante, Roxo e CNPGL F06-3. Determinaram-se a produção de biomassa, o acúmulo de nitrogênio na biomassa, o nitrogênio da biomassa proveniente da fi xação biológica, as relações carbono/nitrogênio e talo/ folha, e os teores de fi bra, lignina, celulose e cinzas da biomassa. A produção de matéria seca variou de 45 a 67 Mg ha -1 . A menor produção foi do genótipo Roxo, e as maiores, dos genótipos Bag 02 e Cameroon. O nitrogênio total acumulado na matéria seca variou de 240 a 343 kg ha -1 . Em média, 51% do nitrogênio foram provenientes da fi xação biológica. As relações carbono/nitrogênio e talo/folha e os conteúdos de fi bra, lignina, celulose e cinzas não variaram entre os genótipos. Os cinco genótipos constituem materiais adequados para produção de energia pela queima.Termos para indexação: Pennisetum purpureum, cinzas, agroenergia, fi xação biológica do nitrogênio, genótipo, lignina.

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Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência da inoculação de bactérias diazotróficas e da adubação nitrogenada, em duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar, cultivadas nas mesmas condições edafoclimáticas. O experimento foi conduzido durante os anos agrícolas de 2006/2007 e 2008/2009, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, instalado em março de 2006 em área de cultivo comercial, no Município de Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ. Os tratamentos foram: inoculação com bactérias diazotróficas, adubação com 120 kg ha -1 de N, e o controle sem inoculação e sem adubação com nitrogênio. As variedades de cana-de-açúcar avaliadas foram RB72454 e RB867515. O inoculante continha estirpes de cinco espécies de bactérias diazotróficas. Foram feitas avaliações quanto à produtividade de colmos frescos, ao acúmulo de matéria seca total, ao N total da parte aérea e quanto à abundância natural de 15 N do N disponível no solo e na cana-de-açúcar. As variedades apresentaram comportamentos distintos com os tratamentos, em que a RB867515 foi responsiva e a RB72454 não responsiva à inoculação e à adubação nitrogenada. Na variedade RB867515, o crescimento e o acúmulo de N total na parte aérea das plantas, promovidos pela inoculação, foram similares aos do tratamento com adubação nitrogenada.Termos para indexação: Saccharum, fixação biológica de nitrogênio, interação planta-bactéria. Agronomic evaluation of varieties of sugar cane inoculated with diazotrophic bacteria and fertilized with nitrogenAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria and nitrogen fertilization, in two varieties of sugarcane grown under the same edaphic and climatic conditions. The experiment was carried out during the agricultural years 2006/2007 and 2008/2009, in a randomized block design with four replicates, installed in March 2006 in an area of commercial cultivation in Campos dos Goytacazes city, in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The treatments were: inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria, fertilization with 120 kg ha -1 N, and a control without inoculation and without nitrogen fertilization. The sugarcane varieties evaluated were RB72454 and RB867515. The inoculant was composed of five strains of diazotrophic bacteria. Evaluations were done for fresh stalk yield, total dry matter accumulation, total N of shoots, and 15 N natural abundance from available N in the soil and in sugarcane. The varieties performed differently to treatments, in which RB867515 was responsive and RB72454 unresponsive to inoculation and nitrogen fertilization. In the variety RB867515, growth and accumulation of total N in the shoots, promoted by inoculation, were similar to the ones in the treatment with N fertilization.

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Background and aims Some elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) genotypes are able to produce large amounts of biomass and accumulate N derived from BNF when growing in soil with low N levels. However, information about the diazotrophic bacteria colonizing this C4 plant is still very scarce. This study aimed to characterize the plant growth promoting traits of a fraction of culturable diazotrophs colonizing the genotypes CNPGL F06-3 and Cameroon. Methods A total of 204 isolates were obtained from surface sterilized leaves, stems and roots after culturing on five different N-free semisolid media. These were then analyzed by BOX-PCR, and the 16S rRNA and nifH sequences of representative isolates were obtained. The functional ability of the isolates to reduce acetylene, produce indole and to solubilize phosphate was also determined. Results The diazotrophic bacterial population varied from 10 2 up to 10 6 bacteria g −1 fresh tissues of both genotypes. The BOX-PCR analysis suggested a trend in the genetic diversity among the 204 diazotrophic strains colonizing the different genotypes and plant tissues. Sequencing of 16S rRNA fragments confirmed the presence of Azospirillum brasilense and Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and revealed for the first time the occurrence of G. liquefaciens, G. sacchari, Burkholderia silvatlantica, Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter cloacae and E. oryzae in elephant grass. Interestingly, several nifH sequences from isolates identified as G. liquefaciens and G. sacchari showed homologies with nifH sequences of Enterobacter species. The majority of the isolates (97%) produced indole compounds, 22% solubilized phosphate and 6.4% possessed both characteristics.

In commercial plantations of soybean in both the Southern and the Cerrado regions, contributions from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) are generally proportionately high. When using the 15 N natural abundance technique to quantify BNF inputs, it is essential to determine, with accuracy, the 15 N abundance of the N derived from BNF (the 'B' value). This study aimed to determine the effect of four recommended strains of Bradyrhizobium spp. (two B. japonicum and two B. elkanii) on the 'B' value of soybean grown in pots in an open field using an equation based on the determination of d 15 N natural abundance in a non-labelled soil, and estimate of the contribution of BNF derived from the use of 15 N-isotope dilution in soils enriched with 15 N. To evaluate N 2 fixation by soybean, three non-N 2 -fixing reference crops were grown under the same conditions. Regardless of Bradyrhizobium strain, no differences were observed in dry matter, nodule weight and total N between labelled and non-labelled soil. The N 2 fixation of the soybeans grown in the two soil conditions were similar. The mean 'B' values of the soybeans inoculated with the B. japonicum strains were -1.84 ‰ and -0.50 ‰, while those inoculated with B. elkanii were -3.67 ‰ and -1.0 ‰, for the shoot tissue and the whole plant, respectively. Finally, the 'B' value for the soybean crop varied considerably in function of the inoculated Bradyrhizobium strain, being most important when only the shoot tissue was utilised to estimate the proportion of N in the plant derived from N 2 fixation. 15 N, e estimativas da contribuição da FBN derivado do uso da técnica de diluição isotópica de 15 N em solo enriquecido com 15 N. Para avaliar a fixação de N 2 pela soja três plantas referenciam foram crescidas nas mesmas condições. Independente da estirpe de Bradyrhizobium, não foi observada diferença para matéria seca, massa de nódulos e N total entre solo marcado e não marcado. A fixação de N 2 em soja crescida nas duas condições de marcação do solo foi semelhante. Os valores médios de 'B' para plantas de soja inoculadas com estirpes de B. japonicum foram, em média, de -1,84 ‰ e -0,50 ‰ enquanto as inoculadas com B. elkanii apresentaram médias de -3,67 ‰ e -1,00 ‰, para parte aérea e planta inteira, respectivamente. Finalmente, o valor 'B' para a cultura da soja variou consideravelmente em função da estirpe de Bradyrhizobium inoculada, sendo mais importante quando se utiliza somente a parte aérea da planta para estimar a proporção do N da planta derivado da fixação de N 2 . Palavras-chave: Bradyrhizobium elkanii, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Glycine max, valor de 'B' Biological N 2 fixation in soybean 517

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