Intense and exhaustive exercise (IEE) is associated with oxidative stress in skeletal muscle, and we recently reported that intestine is sensitive to IEE. In the present study, we investigated the possible relationship between the effects of IEE on morphology and oxidative markers in the ileum and isolated mitochondria. C57BL/6 mice were ascribed either to a control group comprising two subgroups, one sedentary and another exercised for 10 days (E10), or to a corresponding supplemented control group again comprising two subgroups, one sedentary and another exercised for 10 days (E10-V). The IEE program consisted of a single daily treadmill running session at 85% of V(max), until animal exhaustion. Vitamins C (10 mg/kg) and E (10 mg/kg) were concurrently intraperitoneally administered 2 h before the exercise sessions. IEE was shown to cause 1) impairment of ileum internal membrane mitochondria verified by ultramicrography analysis; 2) increase in ileum carbonyl content (117%) and reduction in antioxidant capacity (36%); 3) increase in mitochondria carbonyl content (38%), increase in the percentage of ruptured mitochondria (25.3%), increase in superoxide dismutase activity (186%), and reduction in citrate synthase activity (40.4%) compared with control animals. Observations in the vitamin-supplemented exercised animals (E10-V) were 1) healthy appearance of myocyte mitochondria; 2) decrease in ileum carbonyl content (66%) and increase in antioxidant capacity (53%); 3) decrease in mitochondria carbonyl content (43%), decrease in the percentage of ruptured mitochondria (30%), slight increase in superoxide dismutase activity (7%), and significant increase in citrate synthase activity (121%) compared with E10 animals. Therefore, the present results strongly corroborate the hypothesis that IEE leads to marked disturbances in intestinal mitochondria, mainly in redox status, and affects whole intestinal redox status.
Resumo -A produção de mudas com qualidade é fundamental na exploração das culturas agrícolas, e os bioestimulantes apresentam-se como ferramentas benéficas nessa fase da planta. O estudo objetivou avaliar as diferentes concentrações de bioestimulante composto por extrato de algas, no favorecimento da expansão radicular e desenvolvimento vegetativo inicial de mudas de uva, cultivar Crimson Seedless enxertadas em porta-enxerto SO4. O experimento foi realizado em viveiro comercial na cidade de Petrolina-PE. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: (T1) 0; (T2) 0,75; (T3) 1,12; (T4) 1,5 e (T5) 1,87 mL planta -1 do bioestimulante. Aos 45 dias após a enxertia foram analisados o comprimento e diâmetro da brotação do enxerto; área foliar; diâmetro, densidade, área, comprimento e matéria seca das raízes e matéria seca da parte aérea. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e análise de regressão polinomial. Os melhores resultados foram proporcionados pela aplicação da dose 0,75 mL planta -1 . O aumento da dose causou redução na expressão das variáveis. Conclui-se que o bioestimulante é uma ferramenta importante na produção de mudas com qualidade. Palavras-Chave -Vitis vinifera, Ascophyllum nodosum, propagação vegetativa, reguladores vegetais.Abstract -The seedling production with quality is essential for growing agricultural crops, and the biostimulants are beneficial tools for this plant phase. The study aimed to evaluate the different concentrations of biostimulant containing algae extract on root expansion and initial vegetative development of grape seedlings cv. Crimson Seedless grafted on SO4 rootstock. The experiment was conducted in commercial nursery in Petrolina county, Pernambuco state, Brazil. The experimental design used was the completely randomized design, with five treatments and four replicates. The treatments were: (T1) 0; (T2) 0.75; (T3) 1.12; (T4) 1.5 and (T5) 1.87 mL plant -1 of the biostimulant. At 45 days after grafting the length and diameter of the graft sprouting; leaf area; diameter, density, area, length, and dry weight of roots and shoots were analyzed. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and polynomial regression. The best results were provided by 0.75 mL plant -1 biostimulant dose. Increasing biostimulant doses caused the reduction of variables expression. It is concluded that the biostimulant is an important tool for production of quality grape seedlings.
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