The primary small cell carcinoma of the vagina is rare, and it is a highly aggressive malignancy with no consensus regarding the treatment of this tumor. The survival rate for patients treated in the early stages is around two years. We related the case report of a patient of 41 years with a vegetative and necrotic lesion in left vaginal wall, in middle and upper third, and involvement of parametrium in its proximal third and medium third. A biopsy showed a small cell undifferentiated carcinoma composed of epithelial cells with round nuclei, oval or elongated, hyperchromatic nuclei, with little distinct nucleoli, and scarce cytoplasm. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity for AE1/AE3, CD57, and chromogranin A. The patient received 6 cycles of chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide and radiotherapy, achieving complete response, with complete regression of the lesion. The patient had no sign of tumor recurrence and locoregional or distant metastases after 5 months of followup.
The aims of this article are to present cervical spondylotic myelopathy, a spinal condition caused by bony, ligament and disc alterations that results in spinal cord compression leading to progressive degeneration of the spinal cord, and to describe the possible physiotherapeutic interventions. The pathology has different forms of progression and affected areas, which contributes to the diversity of clinical presentations. This work presents two evaluations of three patients diagnosed with this disease, at different times, to compare the severity, the affected regions, and the evolution of each one. Subsequently, it describes the most appropriate physiotherapeutic treatment for this illness, demonstrating its wide variability according to the signs and symptoms presented. Level of Evidence: IV. Case series.
The protocol was effective for improving motor, sensory, and mobility aspects, as well as function involved in activities of daily living. Qualitative changes in symmetry and muscle co-contraction were found, indicating a possible improvement in upper limb rehabilitation of patients with stroke.
Purpose. Post-stroke hemiparesis can cause motor deficits that affect the completion of functional activities, such as reaching. The study aim was to quantitatively compare the changes in muscle activation between hemiparetic individuals during the subacute and chronic phases of recovery and healthy individuals in a reaching task. Methods. The electromyographic activity was recorded of the upper trapezius (UT), biceps brachii (BB), triceps brachii (TB), flexor carpi ulnaris (FcU), and extensor carpi radialis (Ecr) muscles in 10 subacute individuals (group 1), 10 chronic individuals (group 2), and 10 healthy individuals (group 3). The normalized root mean square (nrMs) was calculated, followed by a qualitative index based on maximum activation, and the occurrence of co-contraction was analysed. Results. In the nrMs analysis, group 1 presented significantly higher activation than group 3 for BB, TB, and Ecr; group 2 showed significantly higher activation than group 3 for BB and FcU. In the qualitative analysis, group 1 exhibited greater activity for UT, group 2 for Ecr, and group 3 for UT. There was no statistically significant difference in the co-contraction analysis between the antagonist muscle pairs of BB/TB and FcU/Ecr. Conclusions. Muscle activation was greater in the post-stroke groups in comparison with healthy individuals.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.