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There are both additive and interactive effects of previous alcohol abuse and HIV infection on cognition. Individuals with a history of past alcohol abuse may be at greater risk for cognitive dysfunction in the context of HIV infection.

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Within inpatient psychiatric settings exists evidence of a significant risk of violent incidents and incidents of deliberate self-harm. One of the most hidden and preventable mental health problems is the fact that approximately 1,500 suicides take place annually in inpatient hospital facilities throughout the United States. This article focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of risk and suicide assessment procedures while attempting to answer the following questions: What degree of risk currently exists on inpatient psychiatric facilities for harm to self and others? What can be done within the physical environment to protect the psychiatric patient? We discuss a combined risk and quality proactive approach to risk reduction through a safety equation integrating patient assessment, physical environment, program safety, and patient component to formalize a systems approach to the at-risk patient. [Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention 5:121-141 (2005)]