The goal of the research was to explore and determine the relationships between CSR related to employees and business and environmental performance. The authors conducted field research on the territory of Autonomous Provence of Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia in the period from October 2019 until the end of March 2020 to collect the data from business organizations on their CSR activities and organizational outcomes. The research is conducted as a part of a one-year research project funded by the Provincial Secretariat for Higher Education and Scientific Research of Autonomous Province of Vojvodina for 2019. To explore these relations, there has been performed PLS analysis in the statistical software Smart PLS 3.
Over the years, the irresponsible behavior of individuals and companies through the years created growing social and environmental problems around the world. Globalization, market growth, and industrialization lead to increasingly negative impacts on the natural environment. Socially responsible business is a concept of which the company pays attention to achieving growth and development, and also to cooperate with employees, locals, consumers, business associates, and society as a whole. This paper presents the results of a pilot study conducted on the territory of the Republic of Serbia, Autonomous Province Vojvodina. 53 companies, with over 250 employees, participated in the research. In the paper, the authors presented and evaluated various dimensions of socially responsible business and environmental performance, and based on the obtained results it was determined that there is a statistically positive correlation between these variables.
Leadership is a topic that attracts the attention of a large number of scientists and researchers who in their papers examine the issues of effective leadership. During previous research in this area different methodologies were used, but in recent decades one of the most prominent is MLQ questionnaire (Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire - MLQ), which examines three styles of leadership: transformational, transactional and passive leadership. The paper analyses the predominating attitudes in this area, theoretical explanation of MLQ questionnaire components and empirical results of previous applications. Founded on the obtained theoretical basis, the paper suggests future research framework in order to examine implementation of certain leadership styles from the MLQ questionnaire depending on the business environment which can vary from stable to uncertain, as well as their relationship with the achieved level of firm innovativeness. Thus, the aim of this paper is to define research framework that will be applied in a future research on an adequate sample of medium and large companies on the territory of the Republic of Serbia.
Research Question: The authors of the article investigate if there is a relationship between the psychological characteristics of students at the Faculty of Economics and their entrepreneurial intentions. Motivation: Based on the study results of Littunen (2000), Walter et al. (2013) and Popescu et al. (2016), the authors planned to identify the factors which would predominately influence the students' entrepreneurial intentions. Idea: The authors believe that the psychological characteristics, such as the greater need for achievement and the need for independence can be treated as important psychological indicators for the students’ predicted entrepreneurial success in the future. Furthermore, these characteristics are significant but not sufficient, therefore the introduction of formal entrepreneurial education at university is likely to additionally contribute to raising the students’ entrepreneurial spirit. Data: The research was conducted during the academic year of 2016/17 on a sample of 517 students in their third and fourth years of studies at the Faculty of Economics. The survey questionnaire adopted already established scales on students’ entrepreneurial intentions as created and carried out by Walter, Parboteeah and Walter (2013). Tools: The PLS analysis was used for exploring relations between psychological characteristics (Need for Achievement and Need for Independence) and entrepreneurial intentions. For that purpose, the authors used Smart PLS 3 software. Findings: The results show that psychological characteristics are significantly related to students’ entrepreneurial intentions, i.e., the students who have a greater need for achievement and independence, also have stronger entrepreneurial intentions in comparison with those who do not have those needs. Contribution: The paper contributes to the literature by empirically testing how certain factors affect the entrepreneurial intentions of university students of economics.
PurposeThe aim of this research is to investigate and detect determinants of the training practice and conspicuous differences in the sample of nine Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries (Croatia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Slovenia, Slovakia, Serbia and Romania). The study was conducted with three distinct objectives: the investigation of the training and development (T&D) practices in the CEE region, the investigation of the determinants of T&D practices in the CEE region and the measurement of the differences between the economies in the sample of CEE countries regarding their T&D practices.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on the Cranet research network results from 2015 to 2016. The data for the CEE countries were selected in order to investigate the determinants of T&D practice, and the differences between these economies. The nine CEE countries were divided into two groups, on the basis on the variety of capitalism (VoC approach), in order to investigate its effects on the T&D practices. T-test, chi-square test, Spearman correlation tests and hierarchical moderated regression model were used to test the proposed hypotheses.FindingsThere are statistically significant differences between the organizations from coordinated market economy (CME) countries and liberal market economy (LME) countries in the case of the percentage of GDP of the country spent on education, the percentage of annual payroll costs of the organizations spent on training, the percentage of annual staff turnover, the implementation of the systematic evaluation of training needs, the training effectiveness, the existence of T&D strategy and the primary responsibility for major policy decisions on T&D. The results of the regression model showed that the majority of national and organizational level factors have a statistically significant relationship with the percentage of the annual payroll costs of the organization spent on training. Variety of capitalism moderates the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variable, too.Research limitations/implicationsIn the presented model, the authors excluded from their investigation the effects of MNCs. It must further be stated that only the data from the latest Cranet research round were used, thus it was not possible to investigate the development of the training practice in CEE over a longer time period. These limitations could be used as possible directions for further research in the relevant area of HRM in the CEE region.Originality/valueSince there is relatively little empirical research in the relation between capitalism type and T&D practice, especially in the region of CEE, the present paper lends new insight into this issue as well as into comparative HRM. It is hoped that this work can be taken as a starting point for further research.
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