Leadership is a topic that attracts the attention of a large number of scientists and researchers who in their papers examine the issues of effective leadership. During previous research in this area different methodologies were used, but in recent decades one of the most prominent is MLQ questionnaire (Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire - MLQ), which examines three styles of leadership: transformational, transactional and passive leadership. The paper analyses the predominating attitudes in this area, theoretical explanation of MLQ questionnaire components and empirical results of previous applications. Founded on the obtained theoretical basis, the paper suggests future research framework in order to examine implementation of certain leadership styles from the MLQ questionnaire depending on the business environment which can vary from stable to uncertain, as well as their relationship with the achieved level of firm innovativeness. Thus, the aim of this paper is to define research framework that will be applied in a future research on an adequate sample of medium and large companies on the territory of the Republic of Serbia.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept that is based on the idea of a balance between economic, social, and environmental goals of companies. In contemporary business, companies need to be responsible not just to their shareholders, but to broader stakeholders, where employees, customers, investors, suppliers, local community, and natural environment are mostly affected. Also, CSR is seen as a concept that can enhance different financial and market performances, where corporate reputation is gaining more and more attention. Corporate reputation is seen as one of the most important companies’ assets, and it has a great influence on business success. Based on the stakeholder theory and resource-based theory, the authors of this paper investigated both concepts to increase the body of knowledge and provide some practical implications for companies. The paper aims to investigate the relationship between CSR and corporate reputation. The problem of the research is defining of a relationship between CSR and corporate reputation in companies in Serbia, and between specific dimensions of CSR and corporate reputation. The methodology used in the research obtained the analysis of available literature and the empirical analysis of the data on CSR and reputation. The sample was created from 73 large private processing companies in the Republic of Serbia. The authors used PLS-SEM method to investigate the proposed relations, i.e., that CSR has a positive relation with corporate reputation. This methodology was for the first time conducted in the business environment in Serbia, which will enhance the possibility of comparison with the results from other countries. The results pointed that CSR, as a higher-order construct, has a positive relation with corporate reputation, like all dimensions of CSR (responsibility to employees, customers, local community, environment, suppliers). At the end, the authors proposed theoretical and practical implications and limitations of the research.
PurposeThe aim of this research is to investigate and detect determinants of the training practice and conspicuous differences in the sample of nine Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries (Croatia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Slovenia, Slovakia, Serbia and Romania). The study was conducted with three distinct objectives: the investigation of the training and development (T&D) practices in the CEE region, the investigation of the determinants of T&D practices in the CEE region and the measurement of the differences between the economies in the sample of CEE countries regarding their T&D practices.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on the Cranet research network results from 2015 to 2016. The data for the CEE countries were selected in order to investigate the determinants of T&D practice, and the differences between these economies. The nine CEE countries were divided into two groups, on the basis on the variety of capitalism (VoC approach), in order to investigate its effects on the T&D practices. T-test, chi-square test, Spearman correlation tests and hierarchical moderated regression model were used to test the proposed hypotheses.FindingsThere are statistically significant differences between the organizations from coordinated market economy (CME) countries and liberal market economy (LME) countries in the case of the percentage of GDP of the country spent on education, the percentage of annual payroll costs of the organizations spent on training, the percentage of annual staff turnover, the implementation of the systematic evaluation of training needs, the training effectiveness, the existence of T&D strategy and the primary responsibility for major policy decisions on T&D. The results of the regression model showed that the majority of national and organizational level factors have a statistically significant relationship with the percentage of the annual payroll costs of the organization spent on training. Variety of capitalism moderates the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variable, too.Research limitations/implicationsIn the presented model, the authors excluded from their investigation the effects of MNCs. It must further be stated that only the data from the latest Cranet research round were used, thus it was not possible to investigate the development of the training practice in CEE over a longer time period. These limitations could be used as possible directions for further research in the relevant area of HRM in the CEE region.Originality/valueSince there is relatively little empirical research in the relation between capitalism type and T&D practice, especially in the region of CEE, the present paper lends new insight into this issue as well as into comparative HRM. It is hoped that this work can be taken as a starting point for further research.
Research Question: The authors of the article investigate if there is a relationship between the psychological characteristics of students at the Faculty of Economics and their entrepreneurial intentions. Motivation: Based on the study results of Littunen (2000), Walter et al. (2013) and Popescu et al. (2016), the authors planned to identify the factors which would predominately influence the students' entrepreneurial intentions. Idea: The authors believe that the psychological characteristics, such as the greater need for achievement and the need for independence can be treated as important psychological indicators for the students’ predicted entrepreneurial success in the future. Furthermore, these characteristics are significant but not sufficient, therefore the introduction of formal entrepreneurial education at university is likely to additionally contribute to raising the students’ entrepreneurial spirit. Data: The research was conducted during the academic year of 2016/17 on a sample of 517 students in their third and fourth years of studies at the Faculty of Economics. The survey questionnaire adopted already established scales on students’ entrepreneurial intentions as created and carried out by Walter, Parboteeah and Walter (2013). Tools: The PLS analysis was used for exploring relations between psychological characteristics (Need for Achievement and Need for Independence) and entrepreneurial intentions. For that purpose, the authors used Smart PLS 3 software. Findings: The results show that psychological characteristics are significantly related to students’ entrepreneurial intentions, i.e., the students who have a greater need for achievement and independence, also have stronger entrepreneurial intentions in comparison with those who do not have those needs. Contribution: The paper contributes to the literature by empirically testing how certain factors affect the entrepreneurial intentions of university students of economics.
The aim of the paper is to identify the entrepreneurial tendency of students of the Faculty of Economics in Subotica. The subject of the research is the analysis of relationship between students’ personality traits and their intention to start their own business, as well as the existence of a difference in entrepreneurial intent, depending on gender and chosen study program attended by the student. For this purpose, an empirical research was conducted on a sample of 517 final year students at the Faculty of Economics in Subotica, University of Novi Sad. The research hypotheses were tested using the Spearman's correlation and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test within the SPSS 20.0 program. Empirical results highlight the existence of a statistically significant correlation between personality traits such as need for achievement and need for independence on one hand and the inclination of students to start their own business on the other. Also, there is a statistically significant difference between students of different genders and study orientation and their entrepreneurial intentions. The male students and those attending the Department of Management are more oriented towards implementation of entrepreneurial activities in some period of life in comparison to female students and students who attend other study programs. The set research framework points to further guidance in encouraging the entrepreneurial spirit, as well as the key drivers for a higher level of entrepreneurial intention of students after graduating from the Faculty of Economics.
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