The ocean is the major essential source of structurally unique natural products that are mainly present in living organisms. The essential products extracted from marine microbes and marine algae are highly analyzed areas in instinctive product research. Marine algae are the novel food with potential nutritional values used for multiple purposes in industry and medicine. They show pharmacological activities which are helpful for the invention of bioactive compounds. Furthermore, marine algae have shown to provide an abundant source of natural bioactive compounds with antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, anti-hypercholesterolemia, antibacterial, and antineoplastic properties. They produce new secondary metabolites that possess biological activities and have the potential to be developed as therapeutic agents. Macroalgal lectins, fucoidans, kainoids, and other substances have been routinely used in the research of biomedical and also have biological activities. The potential pharmaceutical, medicinal, and research applications of these compounds are discussed.
BSTRACTObjective: Excessive production of reactive oxygen species leads to oxidative stress. Antioxidants can prevent or retard the oxidation caused by free radicals and sufficient intake of antioxidants is supposed to protect against diseases. Candidate play Methods:The leaf extracts of these plants were exposed to a battery of free radical scavenging assays like DPPH, ABTS, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and nitric oxide to determine the free radical scavenging activity.Results: It was observed that the Majoranahortensis leaves in methanolic extract showed maximum scavenging activity. Conclusion:Several plants with free radical scavenging activity have been identified, where Majoranahortensis is one such leave.
An elephant, being a mega herbivore, consumes large amounts of food. Due to the lack of availability of fodder inside the forest, the elephants move out of their habitat areas and also find agricultural crops attractive, which further results in man–animal conflict. To improve the elephant habitat area, the current study was conducted to assess the availability of native fodder grasses inside the Coimbatore Elephant Reserve, Western Ghats, from April 2021–April 2022. The area falls between 10°37′and 11°31′ North latitudes and 76°39′and 77°5′ East longitudes. It was approached in a systematic random sampling method. A total of 128 sample plots of 1sq.m size were randomly placed, and the density of grass species was recorded in percentage (%). The collected samples were shade dried for one week, ground to pass through a 1 mm sieve, and stored in polythene bags. Furthermore, the samples were chemically analyzed to determine their nutritional values. The dry matter (DM) content of various grass fodder varied from 28.18% to 59.75%. The crude protein (CP) content differed between 5.94% and 11.94%. The highest CP was recorded in Cynodon dactylon (11.94%) and the least in Aristida setacea (5.94%). Ether extract content was found in the ranges of 1.00% to 5.00%. The acid detergent fibre (ADF) content of Aristida setacea (45.74%) was observed as the highest, whereas the lowest was observed in Oplismenus burmannii (26.78%), followed by Themeda triandra (26.85%), Heteropogon contortus (30.12%) and Enteropogon monostachyos (30.31%). The average neutral detergent fibre content of grass fodder was 52.27%, with a range of 37.89% (Oplismenus burmannii) to 67.87% (Cymbopogon martinii). The average total digestible nutrient (TDN) content of grass was 77.45%; relative forage quality (RFQ) exhibited wider variations among the grasses and ranged between 107.51 and 198.83. This study is a pioneer in evaluating the nutritional values of native grass fodder species for elephants in the Western Ghats. The study gives strategies for the selection of high nutritive fodder grass for the habitat improvement of elephants, and it also provides scientific and baseline information for the conservation of native grass fodder species in the Western Ghats.
Medicinal plants are the "backbone" of traditional medicine, which means more than 3.3 billion people in the less developed countries utilize medicinal plants on a regular basis for therapeutic uses. The rich source of therapeutic phytochemicals leads to the development of novel drugs. The phytochemical analysis of the plants is very important commercially and has great interest in pharmaceutical companies for the production of the new drugs for curing of various diseases. Nanotechnology has proved to be a standout among the most dynamic regions of research and development in advanced medical science. Nanoparticle is the most essential part of nanotechnology which has proved to be effective in treating many diseases. Various nanoparticles have been synthesis by using plant extracts which includes silver, gold and copper oxide. Use of plant extracts fro nanoparticles synthesis is favorable over the other biological material as it removes the long process of maintenance of cell culture. The present review provides information on medicinal plants used for synthesis of nanoparticles and its applications.
Ayurveda is an ancient science dealing with remedial properties for several disorders. However, due to lack of documentation, ayurveda has not gained popularity in practice worldwide. It is a rich knowledge entangled with the tradition of Indian culture which is highly disciplined. It aims not only in curing the disorder but identifies the root cause and eradicates it from the system. Ayurveda looks at the human physic with a different angle and all its diagnostic tools are different from that of the conventional allopathic treatment. To bridge the gap between the modern science and the inherited ancient knowledge of ayurveda is the role of the present scientists today.
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