ABSTRACT. Abomasal disorders of calves with total vagotomy, operated on at 1 week old, were investigated with radiography and protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 immunohistochemistry. Radiographic findings indicated abomasal atony with dilatation in all calves 2 weeks after vagotomy, while 4 weeks after vagotomy abomasal dilatation was detected in 2 calves and another 2 calves showed dilatation and impaction. The densities of PGP 9.5-immunoreactive nerves in the tunica muscularis decreased significantly in the corpus region of the greater curvature 2 weeks after vagotomy and in the pyloric region of the lesser curvature 4 weeks after vagotomy, and it was at its lowest 4 weeks after vagotomy in all regions examined. In conclusion, abomasal dilatation and/or impaction in vagotomized calves confirmed by radiography were related with a decreased frequency of nerves in the tunica muscularis of the abomasum. KEY WORDS: abomasal disorder, PGP 9.5, vagotomy.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 63(6): 671-674, 2001 Gastric motility is greatly influenced by the vagus nerves whose activity is integrated by gastric centers in the medulla oblongata [6,18]. This innervation is of much greater importance in ruminants than in other species [11]. Since the abomasum retains considerable activity after vagotomy, the importance of its innervation contrasts markedly with that of the forestomach [5]. In the milk-fed calf, the abomasum has a more important role in digestion than the still undeveloped forestomach. The vagus may control abomasal motility through its innervation of the tunica muscularis. Mechanical malfunction of the abomasum in cattle might involve the disorder of vagal innervation through the dorsal and ventral vagal nerves which ramify to the abomasum [2]. Although a vagal nervous dysfunction has been suggested as a possible cause of abomasal disorders [16], vagal nerve injury in the abomasal wall is still uncertain. The distribution of vagal nerve endings in the sheep stomach has been reported after short-term vagotomy [15], however, the long-term effects of vagotomy on the mural innervation of the ruminant stomach have not been described.Radiographic studies of the abomasum of lambs and calves before and after vagotomy were mostly undertaken during motility [17] and abomasal emptying [1]. The former was a short-term investigation while the latter maintained the calf after vagotomy by cannulation feeding into the abomasum. The radiography of the long-term effects of vagotomy on the abomasum maintained with normal feeding has not yet been reported. Furthermore, radiographic findings on the functional state of the abomasum have not yet been compared with the histology of the regulatory systems in the abomasal wall.Protein gene product 9.5 (PGP) is a neuronal soluble protein distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems of different animals [14,20]. It is useful as a general immunohistochemical marker for nervous elements and for the assessment of neuronal development and the detection of neuronal damage in diseases of the nervo...
SUMMARYTwenty-four Holstein cows housed in cubicles on one farm and 38 cows housed in three-tie stall on another were divided into 2 groups (P and NP) according to matching parity and calving month. The hoofs of the cows in group P were trimmed from 1 to 2 months before and from 4 to 5 months after calving. The hooves of the cows in group NP went untrimmed.Per-lactation milk production of the two groups was compared for animals accommodated in both housing systems. Among animals housed in cubicles, foot disease appeared in two animals in each group. Otherwise no foot diseases developed throughout the experimental period. Although animals in group P produced more milk than those in group NP (cubicle-housed P: 6,935 and NP: 6,456 kg; tiestall housed P: 10,331 and NP: 10,095 kg), the differences were not significant. Perhaps the comfort and psychological impact of hoof trimming had no effect on milk production because management conditions at both farms were good.
ABSTRACT. The effect of thoraco-vagotomy on the distribution and frequency of chromogranin-, serotonin-, somatostatin-and gastrinimmunoreactive cells in the abomasum of the calf were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Calves were vagotomized at 1 week old and sampled 2 and 4 weeks later. The endocrine cells generally decreased in number in vagotomized calves as compared to non-operated control calves. However, the detailed responses of endocrine cells to vagotomy varied depending on the endocrine cell type, region of gastric mucosa, and period after vagotomy. The present result suggests that the vagus nerve has an influence on the intrinsic regulatory system by endocrine cell control in the ruminant abomasum.
Seekor kucing jantan lokal mengalami paresis pada kedua kaki belakang, anus, vesika urinaria dan ekor. Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan neurologis, kucing mengalami gangguan pada medula spinalis segmen IV (lumbosacral), V (sacral), dan VI (caudal). Kombinasi akupunktur dengan terapi panas menjadi salah satu pilihan pengobatan gangguan neurologis pada studi kasus ini. Teknik terapi akupunktur dilakukan melalui stimulasi titik GV-2, GV-4, GV-15, GV-20, GB-34 yang dibantu dengan pemanasan menggunakan lampu thermal deep penetration dan akuapuntur menggunakan injeksi Neuroboran® pada titik BL-29. Terapi dilakukan selama 15 menit pada setiap terapi dan dilaksanakan seminggu 3 kali sampai terjadi perkembangan kesembuhan. Perkembangan persembuhan pada refleks kaki belakang, cara berjalan, urinasi, refleks anus, dan defekasi setelah menjalani terapi akupunktur sebanyak 7 kali. Namun perkembangan pada refleks ekor belum tampak terjadi.
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