ABSTRAKSalah satu kendala dalam budi daya tanaman lada ialah penyakit busuk pangkal batang yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Phytophthora capsici. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengamati peran cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA) terhadap insidensi penyakit busuk pangkal batang pada bibit tanaman lada. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kasa dan disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan, yaitu (1) tanah terinfestasi P. capsici (TPC) sebagai kontrol negatif, (2) tanah steril (TS) sebagai kontrol positif, (3) TPC ditambah 5 g propagul CMA, (4) TPC ditambah 10 g CMA, (5) TPC ditambah 15 g CMA, dan (6) TPC ditambah 20 g CMA. Peubah yang diamati ialah tinggi tanaman, jumlah tunas, insidensi penyakit, persentase infeksi PM pada perakaran tanaman lada, serta kebergantungan tanaman lada terhadap CMA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi 20 g CMA per 10 kg tanah efektif menekan insidensi penyakit busuk pangkal batang dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman.Kata kunci: Phytophthora capsici, propagul mikoriza arbuskula, insidensi penyakit ABSTRACT Stem rot or foot rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici is known as an important constraint on pepper cultivation. Research was conducted to determine the effect of arbuskula mycorhizal fungi (AMF) on incidence of foot rot disease of pepper seedlings. The experiment was done in the net house and arranged using completed randomized design with 6 treatments, i.e. (1) soil infested by P. capsici (TPC) as negative control treatment, (2) sterilized soil (TS) as positive control treatment, (3) TPC with 5 g of AMF, (4) TPC with 10 g AMF, (5) TPC with 15 g AMF, and (6) TPC with 20 g AMF. Observation involved plant height, number of shoots, disease incidence, the percentage of AMF infection on the roots of pepper plants, and pepper plants dependence on AMF. The results showed that the application of AMF at a dose of 20 g per 10 kg of soil effectively suppressed incidence of foot rot disease and improve plant growth.
Penelitian bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh cendawan endofit dan dosis pupuk anorganik dalam meningkatkan produksi dan ketahanan padi gogo terhadap penyakit blas (P. oryzae). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dalam pola faktorial dengan 2 faktor yaitu faktor pertama adalah pemupukan yang terdiri dari: tanpa pupuk anorganik (P0), pemupukan dengan pupuk anorganik 25% dari rekomendasi (P1), pemupukan dengan pupuk anorganik 50% dari rekomendasi (P2), pemupukan dengan pupuk anorganik 75% dari rekomendasi (P3), pemupukan dengan pupuk anorganik 100% sesuai rekomendasi (P4) dan faktor kedua adalah penggunaan cendawan endofit yang terdiri dari: tanpa aplikasi cendawan endofit (C0), aplikasi T. asperellium (C1) dan aplikasi Paecilomyces sp. (C2). Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan metode sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan (UJBD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada interaksi pemupukan dengan pupuk anorganik dan cendawan endofit pada variabel tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, waktu muncul malai, bobot 1000 bulir, hasil gabah kering dan keparahan penyakit. Kombinasi perlakuan pupuk anorganik 75% sesuai rekomendasi dengan cendawan endofit Trichoderma sp. (P3C1) dan Perlakuan pupuk anorganik 75% denganPaecilomyces sp. (P3C2) memberikan respon terbaik dalam meningkatkan produksi dan ketahanan padi gogo terhadap penyakit blas.
<p><span lang="IN">Soil fauna as ecosystem engineers </span><span>have the ability to </span><span lang="IN">creat</span><span>e </span><span lang="IN">soil biostructure</span><span>s, with the capacity to </span><span lang="IN">sav</span><span>e</span><span lang="IN"> arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spores. </span><span>This study therefore aims to </span><span lang="IN">investigate the </span><span>AMF </span><span lang="IN">spore density in the biostructures created by cooperation between earthworms and ants with a different organic matter composition</span><span>,</span><span lang="IN"> and to analyze the </span><span>biostructures’ </span><span lang="IN">potential as a source of </span><span>AMF </span><span lang="IN">inoculum on cocoa seedlings. </span><span>In the first experiment, a </span><span lang="IN">combination of earthworms and ants composition</span><span>, as well as a </span><span lang="IN">mixture of <em>G. sepium</em> leaf (GLP), cocoa shell bean (CSB), and sago dregs (SD)</span><span>,</span><span lang="IN"> was tested</span><span>. Meanwhile, </span><span lang="IN">in the </span><span>second</span><span lang="IN"> experiment</span><span>, t</span><span lang="IN">he</span><span> effect of</span><span lang="IN"> biostructures on cocoa seedlings grown </span><span>i</span><span lang="IN">n unsterile soil</span><span>,was </span><span lang="IN">examined</span><span>. According to the results, the highest</span><span lang="IN"> AMF spore </span><span>density was obtained using </span><span lang="IN">20 earthworms+10 ants with 50%GLP+50%CSB + 0%SD treatment</span><span>. Furthermore, the t</span><span lang="IN">otal AMF spores </span><span>were </span><span lang="IN">positively correlated</span><span> with the total P value, but negatively correlated </span><span lang="IN">with </span><span>the </span><span lang="IN">C/N ratio</span><span>. Therefore, bi</span><span lang="IN">ostructure application increased AMF spores number in rhizosphere and </span><span>the cocoa seedling’s </span><span lang="IN">root infection</span><span>. Furthermore, </span><span lang="IN">biostructure</span><span>s</span><span lang="IN"> resulting from the collaborative activity </span><span>between</span><span lang="IN"> different soil fauna ecosystem engineers </span><span>were able to transmit </span><span lang="IN">AMF spore</span><span>s </span><span lang="IN">to </span><span>infected </span><span lang="IN">plant root</span><span>s</span><span lang="IN"> growing </span><span>i</span><span lang="IN">n non-sterile soil.</span></p>
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