Introduction:Breastmilk is the main source of nutrition for infants, giving protection through its immunity properties. Indonesian Ministry of Health targeted 80% coverage 6-monthsexclusive-breastfeeding. However, it is very difficult to achieve, even the prevalence of exclusive-breastfeeding trends to decline from year to year. In Baturetno Village, Singosari District, Malang Regency, exclusive-breast feeding proportion is 59%. This research is aimed to analyze the relationship between breastfeeding patterns and incidence of diarrhea in children aged 7-23 months. Method: This was analytic-observational study with cross-sectional design.Sixty children aged 7 -23 months were randomly included. 32 children (53%) were male.Their parent were interviewed based on questionaire about their breastfeeding patterns and last two weeks incidence of diarrhea. Results: The proportion of exclusive breastfeeding was 58.33% and the incidence of diarrhea in last 2 weeks was 31.67%. Chi-Square test result illustrates there was association between breastfeeding patterns and incidence of diarrhea (p=0.004, PR 0.33, 95%CI 0.145-0.748). Based on contingency coefficient, a strong relationship between breastfeeding patterns and the incidence of diarrhea in the last 2 weeks was 0.347 (moderate). Conclusion: There was relationship between breastfeeding patterns and incidence of diarrhea in children aged 7-23 months. Exclusive-breastfeeding children have 67% lower incidence of diarrhea. ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Air susu ibu (ASI) adalah sumber nutrisi utama bagi bayi dan memberikan proteksi melalui proses imunologis. Kementerian Kesehatan Indonesia menargetkan cakupan 80% ASI eksklusif hingga usia 6 bulan. Cakupan tersebut sangat sulit dicapai oleh karena berbagai kendala, lebih-lebih angka ASI eksklusif cenderung menurun dari tahun ke tahun. Dalam studi pendahuluan di Desa Baturetno, Kecamatan Singosari, Kabupaten Malang, angka ASI eksklusif didapatkan sebesar 59%. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis The Relationship Between..... Yofrido FM, Aryana H, Jaya JH, Prastowo RA, Satwikaputri RK, Umiastuti P, Hadi IS 164 apakah ada hubungan antara pola ASI eksklusif dengan insiden diare pada anak berusia 7 -23 bulan. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik-observasional dengan desain potonglintang. Enam puluh anak berusia 7 -23 bulan dipilih menjadi sampel secara acak. Tiga puluh dua anak (53%) berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Para orang tua diwawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner mengenai pola ASI mereka dan kejadian diare dalam dua minggu terakhir. Hasil: Angka proporsi ASI eksklusif yang didapatkan adalah 58,33% dengan insiden diare dalam dua minggu terakhir sebanyak 31,67%. Hasil uji χ 2 menunjukkan adanya asosiasi antara pola pemberian ASI dengan insiden diare (p=0,004, PR 0,33, 95%CI 0,145 -0,748). Didapatkan hubungan yang kuat antara pola pemberian ASI dengan insiden diare dengan nilai koefisien kontingensi sebesar 0,347. Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara pola pemberian ASI dengan insiden diare pada anak berusia 7 -23 bulan. An...
Mitral stenosis is a common long-term complication of rheumatic fever and can result in left atrial (LA) enlargement, increasing the risk of thrombus formation. LA thrombi were associated with an increased risk of embolic events such as acute limb ischemia (ALI). ALI occurs when arterial flow to an extremity is abruptly interrupted, which may result in amputation or death. A thrombotic or embolic arterial occlusion is typically the cause of ALI. The authors describe a case of massive thrombus in the left atrium associated with mitral stenosis, which resulted in a systemic thromboembolic complication. A 51-year-old woman with chronic mitral stenosis was hospitalized for palpitation and limb pain without dyspnea or chest pain. Atrial fibrillation was detected via electrocardiography (AF). Echocardiography revealed a rheumatic, thickened, and stenotic mitral valve, as well as a 30 x 24 mm thrombus in the left atrium. She was successfully treated with thrombus removal and mitral valve replacement. Postoperative complications were minimal, and she was discharged from the hospital four days after surgery.
Coronary collateral artery (CCA) is an alternative source of blood supply to an ischemic myocardial region. It is generally believed that there is a beneficial effect of collaterals in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).Recently, reliable methods have become available for the assessment of the adequacy of collateral flow. However, the debate regarding the importance of CCA in the different clinical settings continues. In this review article, we discuss about the functional relevance of CCA to provide an overview of its impact on the prognosis of patients with CAD.
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