Background: Medical professionalism learning for medical students in Faculty of Medicine of Universitas Brawijaya (FMUB) requires some clear indicators or values because of the Competency-based Curriculum (KBK). Those values can be arranged by looking for the local wisdom which is a group of visions or values from the lecturers’ perceptions toward professionalism. This research was aimed to reveal the specific components of professionalism in FKUB perceived by faculty. Method: This research was designed as a qualitative research by using semi-structured interviews of targeted subjects to gather the data constructs. The questions in interviews were designated to dig out the informer’s perception in interpreting medical professionalism, based on their experiences, current visions, and hopes. Standardized qualitative analysis were applied to reveal the main themes of the responses. Results: Themes which came up as the components of professionalism from 15 lecturers’s perceptions were categorized as follow: attitude, clinical competence, and knowledge. Those main components were mentioned in National and International Standards related to professionalism, but not all the sub-components were mentioned. Spirituality and medical attire which became the sub-component of attitude were considered as specific construct of professionalism perceived by FKUB lecturers. Conclusion: The concept of professionalism rooted on spirituality and expressed into proper attire in this research was expected to become a local wisdom of medical professionalism in Indonesia. It is advised that the results of this study can help the medical program administrator to develop instruments that nurture the professionalism development of students. Further research might be conducted by using different university context or by taking samples from larger faculty perspective with different specialization.
Kanker payudara merupakan kanker yang mematikan yang sering muncul pada wanita dan menempati urutan kedua setelah kanker paru-paru. Salah satu permasalahan utama kanker payudara ialah kesulitan dalam menentukan prognosis terkait keterlibatan proses metastasis sebagai salah satu kriteria stadium klinis TNM. Telah banyak penelitian mengenai faktor prognostik terhadap kanker payudara agar modalitas terapi kanker payudara semakin baik, salah satunya tes HER-2 melalui pemeriksaan imunohistokimia (IHK). Namun pemeriksaan ini masih relatif mahal dan sulit ditemui di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada korelasi antara ekspresi HER-2 dengan stadium klinis TNM pada pasien kanker payudara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional yang dilakukan di Instalasi Patologi Anatomi RS dr. Saiful Anwar Malang. Sampel penelitian yaitu pasien kanker payudara yang melakukan pemeriksaan di Instalasi Patologi Anatomi RS dr. Saiful Anwar Malang periode Januari 2010 hingga Desember 2012 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Sampel tersebut adalah jaringan kanker payudara yang telah dinilai status HER-2 melalui pemeriksaan IHK dan dilakukan penentuan stadium klinisnya. Analisis korelasi antara ekspresi HER-2 dengan stadium klinis TNM diuji dengan uji Spearman's rho. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara status HER-2 dengan stadium klinis TNM (p = 0,871; r =-0,018; N = 89). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah tidak ada korelasi yang signifikan antara ekspresi HER-2 dengan stadium klinis TNM pada penderita kanker payudara di Instalasi Patologi Anatomi RS dr. Saiful Anwar Malang periode Januari 2010 sampai Desember 2012. Kata kunci: Ekspresi HER-2, Kanker payudara, Stadium klinis TNM.
Introduction Indonesia is a huge country consisting of 33 provinces with different characteristics. There are 83 medical schools across Indonesia with different accreditation statuses. The Indonesia Medical Doctor National Competency Examination (IMDNCE) has been established to control the quality of medical school graduates. The implementation of IMDNCE needed to be evaluated to determine its impact. To date, there has not been any research in Indonesia that explores the stakeholders’ perceptions toward IMDNCE. This study aimed to explore how the stakeholders in Indonesia perceived the impact of IMDNCE towards performances of medical school graduates in clinical practice. Methods and Study Participants A qualitative study with phenomenological approach was conducted to investigate perceptions of stakeholders including representatives from consumer organizations, the National Health Coverage, the Ministry of Health, the Indonesian Medical Association, employers (hospital and health center directors), clinical supervisors as well as patients across Indonesia. Data were obtained through focus group discussions (FGDs) and interviews. The study used thematic analysis methods to obtain the results. Results A total of 90 study participants participated in the study including 10 representatives of consumer watchdog organizations, the National Health Coverage, the Ministry of Health, the Indonesian Medical Association, 31 employers, 32 professionals, and 17 patients. The study found three general themes which represent the perceptions of the stakeholders towards performances of medical school graduates in clinical practice: IMDNCE as an effort to standardize doctor graduates in Indonesia, the results of IMDNCE as a mean to reflect the quality of medical education in Indonesia, and IMDNCE as an effort to improve health services in Indonesia through the quality of graduates. Conclusion In general, the stakeholders perceived that the IMDNCE was able to standardize medical school graduates from various medical schools across Indonesia. However, the IMDNCE needs to be further developed to maximize its potential in improving the competences of Indonesian medical students.
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