A comprehensive review of online, official, and scientific literature was carried out in 2012-13 to develop a framework of disaster social media. This framework can be used to facilitate the creation of disaster social media tools, the formulation of disaster social media implementation processes, and the scientific study of disaster social media effects. Disaster social media users in the framework include communities, government, individuals, organisations, and media outlets. Fifteen distinct disaster social media uses were identified, ranging from preparing and receiving disaster preparedness information and warnings and signalling and detecting disasters prior to an event to (re)connecting community members following a disaster. The framework illustrates that a variety of entities may utilise and produce disaster social media content. Consequently, disaster social media use can be conceptualised as occurring at a number of levels, even within the same disaster. Suggestions are provided on how the proposed framework can inform future disaster social media development and research.

Significance In this report we investigate company–community conflict and its role in the regulation of sustainability performance in the extractive industries. We estimate the cost of conflict to companies and identify conflict as an important means through which environmental and social risks are translated into business costs and decision-making. The paper clarifies the relationship between the environmental and social risk experienced—and interpreted—by local communities, and the business risks experienced—and interpreted—by corporations. Findings reveal that, at least for the case of the extractive industries, these two types of risk can co-constitute each other. The central importance of corporate strategy and behavior for sustainability science is highlighted.

The United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development recognizes violence as a threat to sustainability. To serve as a context, we provide an overview of the Sustainable Development Goals as they relate to violence prevention by including a summary of key documents informing violence prevention efforts by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Violence Prevention Alliance (VPA) partners. After consultation with the United Nations (UN) Inter-Agency Expert Group on Sustainable Development Goal Indicators (IAEG-SDG), we select specific targets and indicators, featuring them in a summary table. Using the diverse expertise of the authors, we assign attributes that characterize the focus and nature of these indicators. We hope that this will serve as a preliminary framework for understanding these accountability metrics. We include a brief analysis of the target indicators and how they relate to promising practices in violence prevention.

There may be different pathways linking CSA and poor parental care to adult depression.

This study examines the linkages between relatedness and synergy in the context of diversification among U.S. pharmaceutical firms for the period 1960--1980. Rather than assume (as in the entropy, Herfindahl and concentric indices of diversification) that the levels of synergy generated by different related combinations of business units are identical, we estimate synergy directly using a modified version of the concentric index. In addition to estimating synergy using capital market performance of the firm as a whole, we examine the effects of nondrug diversification on the innovative productivity of firms' pharmaceutical divisions alone. Our two main findings are that production relatedness, such as that between drugs and chemicals, in fact did not imply synergy over the period of our study; and that the patterns of synergy for different types of relatedness shifted over time with the industry life cycle.diversification, synergy, industry-evolution, pharmaceuticals

Vertical integration, diversification, and industry analysis are fundamental topics in strategic management content research. We develop the conceptualization of these issues by exploring their nature as well as their correct measurement. Toward these ends, we conduct an extensive analysis of the COMPUSTAT II data base and the TRINET data base in all three research contexts. In addition to these two data bases, we also evaluate the Census of Manufacturers, S&P's Financial Dynamics, S&P's Industry Surveys and Dun and Bradstreet's Industry Norms and Key Business Ratios, for purposes of industry analysis. Important contributions include our identification of the potential of COMPUSTAT 11 data to distinguish within‐stage forward and backward vertical integration, and between‐stage forward and backward vertical integration, as well as our recommendations for the protection of the integrity of studies based on the COMPUSTA T II and TRINET data bases.

Prevention Institute, a nonprofit, national center dedicated to health and well-being, developed a toolkit for health and resilience in vulnerable environments (THRIVE), a community assessment tool, to help communities bolster factors that will improve health outcomes and reduce disparities experienced by racial and ethnic minorities. THRIVE is grounded in research and was developed with input from a national expert panel. It has demonstrated utility in urban, rural, and suburban settings. Within months of piloting, several communities had initiated farmer's markets and youth programs. THRIVE provides a framework for community members, coalitions, public health practitioners, and local decisionmakers to identify factors associated with poor health outcomes in communities of color; engage the range of partners needed to improve community health outcomes, such as planners, elected officials, businesses, housing, and transportation; and take action to remedy disparities.

The dietary R‐3‐hydroxybutyrate‐R‐1,3‐butanediol monoester increases resting energy expenditure (REE) and markers of brown and white adipose thermogenesis in lean mice. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the ketone ester, R,S‐1,3‐butanediol diacetoacetate (BD‐AcAc2), increases energy expenditure and markers of adipose tissue thermogenesis in the context of high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity. Thirty‐five‐week‐old male C57BL/ 6J mice were placed on an ad libitum HFD (45% kcal) for 10 wk. The mice were then randomized to 1 of 3 groups (n = 10 per group) for an additional 12 wk: 1) control (Con), continuous HFD, 2) pair‐fed (PF) to ketone ester (KE); and 3) KE: HFD +30% energy from BD‐AcAc2. Mean energy intake throughout the study was ∼26% lower in the KE compared to the Con group (8.2 ± 0.5 vs. 11.2 ± 0.7 kcal/d; P < 0.05). Final body weight (26.8 ± 3.6 vs. 34.9 ± 4.8 g; P < 0.001) and fat mass (5.2 ± 1.2 vs. 11.3 ± 4.5 g; P < 0.001) of the KE group was significantly lower than PF, despite being matched for energy provisions. Differences in body weight and adiposity were accompanied by higher REE and total energy expenditure in the KE group compared to PF after adjustment for lean body mass and fat‐mass (P = 0.001 and 0.007, respectively). Coupled or uncoupled mitochondrial respiratory rates in skeletal muscle were not different among groups, but markers of mitochondrial uncoupling and thermogenesis (uncoupling protein‐1, deiodinase‐2, and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor y coactivator‐1α) were higher in interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) of mice receiving the KE diet. The absence of mitochondrial uncoupling in skeletal muscle and increased markers of mitochondrial uncoupling in BAT suggest that BD‐AcAc2 initiates a transcriptional signature consistent with BAT thermogenesis in the context of HFD‐induced obesity.—Davis, R. A. H., Deemer, S. E., Bergeron, J. M., Little, J. T., Warren, J. L., Fisher, G., Smith, D. L., Jr., Fontaine, K. R., Dickinson, S. L., Allison, D. B., Plaisance, E. P. Dietary R,S‐1,3‐butanediol diacetoacetate reduces body weight and adiposity in obese mice fed a high‐fat diet. FASEB J. 33, 2409–2421 (2019). http://www.fasebj.org