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1 The effect of L-NG-nitro arginine (L-NOARG) was compared with that of L-NG-monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA) on vasodilatation of the isolated aorta of the rabbit and perfused mesentery of the rat in response to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (NP). 2 L-NOARG (1.5-100Mm) and L-NMMA (3-100Mm) produced concentration-related contraction of the rabbit aorta precontracted with phenylephrine (700-900nM). Similarly, L-NOARG (10-2001pM) and L-NMMA (30-100 gM) elevated perfusion pressure of the noradrenaline (NA, 0.6-2.5mM)-preconstricted rat mesentery preparation. 6 These results identify L-NOARG as a potent, L-arginine reversible inhibitor of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. The available data suggests that L-NOARG, like L-NMMA, inhibits endothelial nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis.

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Dupilumab did not affect responses to the vaccines studied, significantly decreased IgE, and improved measures of AD severity versus placebo, with an acceptable safety profile.

Discussion and voting at OMERACT 9 confirmed 5 essential domains for outcomes of acute gout: pain, joint swelling, joint tenderness, patient global assessment and activity limitations. For studies in chronic gout 7 essential domains are: serum urate, acute gout attacks, tophus burden, health-related quality of life, activity limitations, pain, and patient global assessment. Implications of patient perspectives, discretionary domains for specific studies, measurement instruments and a possible responder index are under study.

We report on the phase transitions, solution structure, and consequent effect on the photophysical properties of poly[3-(6-trimethylammoniumhexyl)thiophene] bromide (P3TMAHT) in aqueous sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). Polythiophene was mixed with SDS or deuterated SDS to form P3TMAHT(SDS)(x) complex (x = the molar ratio of surfactant over monomer units) in D(2)O and studied by small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering (SANS/SAXS) and optical spectroscopy. At room temperature, P3TMAHT forms charged aggregates with interparticle order. The addition of SDS eliminates the interparticle order and leads to rod-like (x = 1/5) or sheet-like polymer-SDS aggregates (x = 1/2 to 1) containing rod-like (x = 1/5 to 1/2) or sheet-like (x = 1/2 to 1) polymer associations. Partial precipitation occurs at the charge compensation point (x = 1). Ellipsoidal particles without interparticle order, reminiscent of SDS micelles modified by separated polymer chains, occur for x = 2 to 5. Free SDS micelles dominate for x = 20. Structural transitions lead to a concomitant variation in the solution color from red (P3TMAHT) to violet (x = 1/5 to 1) to yellow (x > 2). The photoluminescence fingerprint changes progressively from a broad featureless band (x = 0) through the band narrowing and appearance of vibronic structure (x = 1/5 to 1) to the return to a blue-shifted broad emission band (x = 5). The polymer stiffness reaches a maximum for x = 1, which leads to minimization of the Stokes shift (0.08 eV). This work gives fundamental information upon how surfactant complexation can influence both the solution structure and photophysical properties of a water-soluble polythiophene.