There is a dearth of readily available evidence on the impact of reflecting teams in family therapy. A synthesis of the literature was needed to provide clarity and insight into client experience of the process. A systematic search of the reflecting team literature was conducted and 11 papers using qualitative methodologies were identified. The findings of these studies were synthesised using meta‐ethnography. Three themes were identified; ‘unusual and strange’; ‘unique conversations’ and ‘therapeutic environment’. The reflecting team process was unanticipated and unique, but it could be helpful where people were made to feel safe and understood. Reflecting teams, while initially received as an odd and unusual experience, are typically found to be an effective and helpful approach within family and couples therapy. Extra considerations should be taken to ensure that clients feel able to engage with the process, avoiding it becoming overwhelming and unhelpful.Practitioner points
Higher levels of self‐awareness and uncertainty are present for the family when first presented with the reflecting team.
A strong rapport with the lead therapist can support family engagement with the team.
Reflecting teams were experienced as more effective when they represent a diverse group of professional, ethnic and cultural backgrounds.
Hope and validation are vital parts of creating a therapeutic space which is effective in introducing difference to a family.
A database (IERIE) has been established that holds detailed information on indoor environment research projects across Europe, which is of potential value to both researchers and funders of research. This paper demonstrates how the database can be used to evaluate topic trends and patterns in indoor environment research, particularly focusing on indoor air monitoring. The illustrative analyses reveal, for example, the number of projects that are associated with indoor air monitoring and the types of study being performed. It is anticipated that as the database grows and develops it will be of increasing value to policy makers as well as to researchers and funding bodies.
Aims: Currently, there is a growing body of research demonstrating that spinthe misinterpretation and distortion of a study's findings-is common in different fields of medicine. To our knowledge, no study has investigated its presence in systematic reviews focused on diabetic therapies.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study by searching MEDLINE and Embase for systematic reviews focused on pharmacologic treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our search retrieved 26,490 records, from which 199 studies were extracted in a masked, duplicate fashion. Each study was evaluated for the nine most severe types of spin and other study design parameters. Spin was presented as frequencies and odds ratios to identify associations between study characteristics.Results: Spin was identified in the abstracts of 15 systematic reviews (15/199, 7.5%). Spin type 5 was the most common type identified (7/199, 3.5%). Spin types 1, 2, 4 and 8 were not identified. In the last 5 years (2016)(2017)(2018)(2019)(2020)(2021), seven systematic reviews contained spin within their abstract. There was no association between the presence of spins and any extracted study characteristic.
Conclusions:Our findings show that spin infrequently occurs in the abstracts of systematic reviews focused on pharmacologic therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, any amount of spin can lead to the distortion of a reader's interpretation of the study's findings. Thus, we provide recommendations with rationale to prevent spin in future systematic reviews.
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