Background The smallpox vaccine has more serious side effects associated with it than other live attenuated vaccines in use today. While studies have examined serum cytokines in primary vaccinees at 1 and 3-5 weeks after vaccination with the smallpox vaccine, serial measurements have not been performed nor have studies been performed in revaccinees. Methods We analyzed cytokine responses every other day for two weeks after vaccination in both primary vaccinees and revaccinees. Results Primary vaccinees had maximal levels of G-CSF on days 6-7 after vaccination, peak levels of TNF-α, sTNFR1, IFN-γ, IP-10, IL-6, and TIMP-1 on days 8 to 9 after vaccination, peak levels of sTNFR-2 and MIG on days 10 to 11 after vaccination, and peak levels of GM-CSF at days 12-13 after vaccination. Primary vaccinees were significantly more likely to have higher peak levels of IFN-γ, IP-10, and MIG after vaccination than revaccinees. Primary vaccinees were significantly more likely to have fatigue, lymphadenopathy, and headache compared with revaccinees and a longer duration of these symptoms as well as missed hours from work than revaccinees. Conclusions The increased symptoms observed in primary vaccinees compared with revaccinees paralleled the increases in serum cytokines in these individuals.
26 patients with psoriasis and 23 patients with other dermatoses were treated for 28 days with oral retinoid Ro 10-9359. Intradermal tests to seven recall antigens were carried out before and after therapy. Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) sensitization was started at the initiation of retinoid therapy and challenge tests made after 28 days. There was a significant increase in the reactions to recall antigens in all groups after 28 days’ retinoid therapy. The reaction to DNCB was increased only in the non-psoriatic group compared with controls. These results demonstrate that the retinoid Ro 10-9359 stimulates cell-mediated immunity in vivo.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.