Kinetics of Serum Cytokines after Primary or Repeat Vaccination with the Smallpox Vaccine

Cohen, Jeffrey I.; Hohman, Patricia; Fulton, Rachael; Turk, Siu-Ping; Qin, Jing; Thatcher, Karen; Hornung, Ronald L.

doi:10.1086/651453

Cited by 25 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…A study comparing Dryvax, ACAM1000, and ACAM2000 vaccines detected robust and similar numbers of IFN-csecreting cells compared to those seen in our study (12). Additionally, three studies examining the kinetics of serum cytokines post-primary vaccination with VACV demonstrated that the majority of subjects had a > 50% increase in serum IFN-c and TNF-a levels 1 wk after primary vaccination with a VACV-containing vaccine (5,20,24).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Correlations Between Vaccinia-Specific Immune Responses Within a Cohort of Armed Forces Members

et al. 2011

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Widespread vaccination with vaccinia virus (VACV) resulted in the eradication of smallpox; however, the licensed VACV-containing vaccines are associated with adverse events (AEs), making them unsuitable for certain high-risk populations. A better understanding of the host immune response following smallpox vaccination could result in vaccines with similar immunogenicity profiles to pre-eradication vaccines with a lower incidence of AEs. To study the immune response to VACV, we recruited 1,076 armed forces members who had been vaccinated with one dose of Dryvax Ò . We measured multiple VACV-specific immune responses: neutralizing antibody titer, the level of 12 secreted cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures (IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, TNF-a, IFN-c, IFN-a, , and the number of IFNc-and CD8 + IFN-c-secreting cells. We analyzed these data to determine correlations between immune response measures. We detected a strong proinflammatory response in concert with a Th-1-like cytokine response pattern at a median time point of 15.3 mo following primary vaccination. We also detected correlations between neutralizing antibody titer and secreted IL-2, as well as secreted IFN-c ( p = 0.009 and p = 0.0007, respectively). We also detected strong correlations between the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1b, TNF-a, IL-6, and IL-12p40 ( p < 0.0001). These results further advance our knowledge of vaccinia-specific cellular immune responses. Notably, vaccine-induced proinflammatory responses were not correlated with neutralizing antibody titers, suggesting that further attenuation to reduce inflammatory immune responses may result in decreased AEs without sacrificing VACV immunogenicity and population seropositivity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Correlations Between Vaccinia-Specific Immune Responses Within a Cohort of Armed Forces Members

et al. 2011

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“…Given that genes encoding immunoglobulin chains are upregulated, it is clear that the immune response has a strong antibody component in scarified animals at 2 dpi. Indeed, both cellular and humoral responses to VV infection are well documented following vaccination with VV (21). The genes determined to be predictors of class at 2 dpi were selected at all time points to assess the trends over time in a heat map (Fig.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Properties of Vaccinia Virus-Based Vaccines: Skin Scarification Promotes a Nonspecific Immune Response That Protects against Orthopoxvirus Disease

Rice

Adams

Lindsey

et al. 2014

J Virol

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The process of vaccination introduced by Jenner generated immunity against smallpox and ultimately led to the eradication of the disease. Procedurally, in modern times, the virus is introduced into patients via a process called scarification, performed with a bifurcated needle containing a small amount of virus. What was unappreciated was the role that scarification itself plays in generating protective immunity. In rabbits, protection from lethal disease is induced by intradermal injection of vaccinia virus, whereas a protective response occurs within the first 2 min after scarification with or without virus, suggesting that the scarification process itself is a major contributor to immunoprotection. IMPORTANCEThese results show the importance of local nonspecific immunity in controlling poxvirus infections and indicate that the process of scarification should be critically considered during the development of vaccination protocols for other infectious agents.

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“…BAL and serum samples were assayed for tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 using a multiple customised chemiluminescent assay [11], which had a mean coefficient of variation f10%. The serum/BAL urea ratio was used to correct for dilution and obtain epithelial lining fluid (ELF) concentrations [12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of whole body hypothermia on inflammation and surfactant function in asphyxiated neonates

et al. 2014

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Hypothermia has become an evidence-based treatment for neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) [1]. The usefulness of hypothermia is due to several mechanisms and among these the reduction in inflammation seems to play a relevant role [2,3]. When applied as whole body hypothermia (WBH), cooling may affect other organs as well. Recent data showed better respiratory outcomes and trends towards lower inflammation in WBH-treated preterm lambs [4], suggesting its possible usefulness to reduce lung injury through the modulation of the inflammatory pathway. By contrast, experiments with hibernating animals have shown that temperature induces significant adaptive changes to the surfactant composition and structure [5]. Nevertheless, no data are currently available in humans. Two case reports have recently described an infant [6] and an adult [7] with severe lung injury, whose ventilation had been facilitated by concurrent hypothermia. Since hypothermia is an accepted therapy only for HIE, we designed a preliminary translational study to investigate the effect of WBH on inflammation and surfactant status in neonates with HIE unaffected by any pulmonary injury.

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Kinetics of Serum Cytokines after Primary or Repeat Vaccination with the Smallpox Vaccine

Cited by 25 publications

References 32 publications

Correlations Between Vaccinia-Specific Immune Responses Within a Cohort of Armed Forces Members

Correlations Between Vaccinia-Specific Immune Responses Within a Cohort of Armed Forces Members

Protective Properties of Vaccinia Virus-Based Vaccines: Skin Scarification Promotes a Nonspecific Immune Response That Protects against Orthopoxvirus Disease

Effect of whole body hypothermia on inflammation and surfactant function in asphyxiated neonates

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