INTRODUCTION: Acute coronary syndrome is one of the common cardiovascular diseases. Smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes and obesity are conventional risk factors. Different studies have shown variable prevalence of these risk factors. This study was designed to see the prevalence of these risk factors in our setting and see their correlation with different types of acute coronary syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This was a hospital based observational study conducted at Universal College of Medical Science Teaching Hospital, Bhairahawa from September 2012 to August 2013. A total of 100 consecutive patients were enrolled after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS: Out of 100 study patients, 64% were male and 36% were female. Their age ranged from 30 years to 87 years with mean age of 60 ± 12.90 year. Hypertension was present in 64%, 62% were dyslipidemic. Similarly 39% were smoker and 19% had diabetes. Sex (p=0.01) and hypertension (p<.01) showed significant positive correlation with type of acute coronary syndrome.CONCLUSION: Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome. Diabetes mellitus, smoking, and dyslipidemia was also present in considerable numbers. Gender and hypertension showed significant positive correlation with type of Acute Coronary Syndrome.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2015) Vol.3(2): 1-4
Background & Objectives: This study was conducted with objective of studying the lipid abnormalities in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease diagnosed on the basis of ultrasound.Materials & Methods: Total 100 patients consisting of 67 males and 37 females diagnosed as Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on the basis of ultrasound were included in the study. Laboratory values of different lipid parameters were compared in different grades of these patients.Results: Out of total 100 cases, mild nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was found in 83 %, moderate in 17 % and severe in none of the participants. Age of the participants ranged from 26 to 79 years with mean being 45 ± 11.99 years. Presence of dyslipidemia was found in 94 % of the cases. Triglycerides, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels were raised in 59, 53, 72% of the cases respectively and High density lipoprotein level was decreased in 57% of participants. There was significant positive correlation of presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with increasing levels of serum total cholesterol (P value <0.001), low density lipoprotein (P value <0.001) and triglyceride (P value <0.001) and significantly decreasing high density lipoprotein (P value <0.001). Whereas increasing grades of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease weren’t significantly associated with increasing level of lipid abnormalities.Conclusion: This study showed the high prevalence of dyslipidemia in non-alcoholic fatty liver patients. Early detection with simple non-invasive ultrasonography is very useful to detect dyslipidemic patients.
Background and Aims: Worldwide many patients are receiving intravascular contrast media (CM) during interventional procedures. Contrast media are used to enhance visualization and guide percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).1 However, the use of CM also carries the risk of complications and it is important to be aware of these complications. Complications with CM range from mild symptoms to life-threatening conditions like anaphylaxis, hypotension and renal dysfunction and contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of them which can have both short and long term consequences.2 This study aimed to know the incidence of CIN in our center and possible predictors associated with it. Methods: This is the single hospital based cross sectional observational study. Patients undergoing primary PCI were enrolled in the study. All the patients underwent thorough history taking and physical examination. Baseline required laboratory investigations were sent. Electrocardiogram and echocardiography screening was done before taking patient to primary PCI as per the protocol of the hospital. Results: The number of patients enrolled in the study was 83 out of which 65(78.2%) were males and mean age was 59.7±13.2. Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) among the patients was 103.8±21.3. Almost 2/3rd of the population received intravenous fluids. Minimum contrast volume used was 50ml and maximum was 270. When absolute rise in creatinine was considered 12 (14.5%) had CIN and when percent rise was also considered total 28 (33.7%) had CIN. While evaluating the predictors of CIN, higher mean age (p=0.01), hypotension with mean MAP <60 mmhg (p=0.04)) and higher contrast volume >100ml (p=0.04) was found to be significant. Conclusion: The incidence of CIN in patients undergoing PPCI was similar to the studies done in other parts of the world. Evaluating the predictors of CIN, higher mean age, hypotension and higher contrast volume was the significant predictor.
Background: This study was conducted with the objective of studying thyroid dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: A total 100 patients consisting of 40 males and 60 females diagnosed as diabetes were included in the study. Laboratory values of different thyroid parameters were taken. Results: Among the participants 60% were female and 40% were male. Age ranged from 17 to 88 years with mean being 55.73 ± 1.62 years. Presence of thyroid dysfunction was found in 35% of the cases. Subclinical hypothyroidism was found in 20% of participants, frank hypothyroidism in 10%, subclinical hyperthyroidism in 3% and frank hyperthyroidism in 2%. Conclusions: This study showed the high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus. Early testing for thyroid function is very useful to detect dysthyroidism in all diabetic patients.
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