The real estate sector plays a significant role in the economy of any country. However, many investors make irrational investments in the real estate market. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the effects of regret aversion and information cascade on investment decisions while considering the moderating role of financial literacy and the mediating effect of risk perception in the real estate sector of developing countries. This research utilized a quantitative research technique, collecting data by distributing structured questionnaires to real estate investors, followed by convenience sampling. This study used both descriptive and inferential statistics to make the data more meaningful. SPSS 25.0 was utilized to interpret the data. Cronbach's alpha was used to test for internal consistency, while validity was checked through correlation. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to confirm that the items on the questionnaire are perfectly loaded on their construct. Furthermore, process macro, model 5, was used to investigate the moderation mediation. This work addresses a gap in the literature by studying financial literacy as a moderator and risk perception as a mediating variable in regret aversion bias and information cascade bias's relationships with investment decisions in the real estate sector. The results confirmed that financial literacy weakens the negative effect of behavioral biases (regret aversion and information cascade) on investment decisions. In addition, risk perception mediates the relationships between these cognitive biases (regret aversion and information cascade) and decision making. The effects of other behavioral biases in real estate and stock market contexts should be examined in future research.

The current study was focused on identifying how interpersonal communication affects teamwork effectiveness and organizational commitment in nurses. The sample of (N = 150) nurses were recruited through purposive sampling technique from a public hospital of Lahore. To test the study assumptions, Socio- Communicative Orientation Scale (Richmond & McCroskey, 1990), Teamwork Effectiveness Self-Assessment Questionnaire (Sterling & Selesnick, 1988), and Organization Commitment Scale (Allen & Meyer, 1990) were used. Results showed that interpersonal communication was directly proportionate to teamwork effectiveness and all measures of organizational commitment. Whereas, team effectiveness was partially linked with dimensions of organizational commitment. Furthermore, findings showed that organizational commitment (affective commitment and normative commitment) was predicted by measures of interpersonal communication that is assertiveness and responsiveness. Interpersonal communication may play a leading role in developing organization commitment, therefore, efforts should be made to improve and enhance the interpersonal communication skills of nurses in Pakistan.

The most talked phenomenon and sui generis of the modern time, the coronavirus diseases-2019 impacted individuals in a variety of ways. Older adults had a higher risk of vulnerability, while there were negative ramifications among children due to indirect impact. The preventive measures, including closing down of schools, malls and playgrounds as well as practising social distancing served as a shield against the hazard of outbreak. On the contrary, these strategies inculcated fear, anxiety, ambiguous communication and manifestation of externalizing behaviours in children. Children living in dysfunctional families in underprivileged circumstances were more susceptible to abuse during the pandemic, and had increased risk of behavioural symptomology and psychological morbidities. Challenges brought by the new normal for children requires redefining the role of parenting for effective monitoring and intervention to mitigate the symptoms. Preventive strategies outlined by international scientific communities include reflective listening, debriefing and psychological first aid for effective

Introduction: Adolescence is a significant period between childhood and adulthood when physical and psychological changes occur along with menstruation. The onset of puberty is governed by genetic, endocrinal, neuronal, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. Endocrine abnormalities in adolescents are not uncommon and can lead to menstrual disorders. This study's objective is to identify the prevalence of underlying endocrine abnormalities and their association with menstrual disorders among adolescents at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Material and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of adolescent girls presenting with menstrual disorders at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from January 1, 2020, to January 1, 2021. We collected a detailed history from each patient. All physical examinations were performed in the presence of a female nurse, and we carefully maintained patient privacy. The physical examinations consisted of recording the patient's height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and thyroid examination. We also noted the patient's hirsutism score and the presence or absence of secondary sexual characteristics. All the patients received a hormonal evaluation in which we measured their thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, and follicle-stimulating hormone (on day two of their menstrual cycle and random FSH was measured for amenorrhea patients), prolactin, and free androgen index. Results: The study included 143 adolescent girls aged 10 to 19 with menstrual disorders such as primary amenorrhea, secondary amenorrhea, frequent menstrual bleeding, infrequent menstrual bleeding, shortened menstrual bleeding, heavy menstrual bleeding, and intermenstrual bleeding. The mean menarcheal age of the patient population was 12.1 ± 0.4 years, and the mean BMI was 25.27 ± 5.02 kg/m2. One hundred twenty-four patients (86.7%) reported polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Most PCOS patients had infrequent menstrual bleeding (85.5%), 46% had biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism, and 18.5% of PCOS patients showed clinical signs of hyperandrogenism. The most common menstrual problems reported by the patients were infrequent menstrual bleeding (74.1%), followed by shortened menstrual bleeding (61.5%), and heavy menstrual bleeding (9.8%). Thyroid dysfunction was present in the form of hypothyroidism (67.4%) and hyperthyroidism (32.6%). Over half of the hypothyroid patients (58.1%) presented with infrequent menstrual bleeding,41.9% presented with shortened menstrual bleeding and 41.9% with heavy menstrual bleeding .Infrequent menstrual bleeding (73.3%) and shortened menstrual bleeding (66.7%) were the most common menstrual problems in hyperthyroid patients. We found a significant association between thyroid disorder and infrequent menstrual bleeding (p=0.037), heavy menstrual bleeding (p<.001), and shortened menstrual bleeding (p=0.051). Heavy menstrual bleeding was also significantly related to hyperprolactinemia (p=0.036). Conclusions: Our study showed that endocrine abnormalities in thyroid dysfunction, PCOS, hyperprolactinemia, and hyperandrogenism could cause various menstrual problems in adolescent girls. Hence, underlying endocrine abnormalities need to be investigated and treated to improve adolescents' physical and mental well-being.

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