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SUMMARY
A simple birefringence detection system has been developed that can be used with any standard polarizing microscope. A Foster prism is utilized in separating the orthogonal components of the resultant linearly polarized light coming from a properly oriented λ/4 plate. The light intensities of the orthogonal components are measured simultaneously and a mathematical manipulation yields a direct read‐out of phase retardation (nm). The theory and practical use of this technique is discussed, as well as the present and future applications.
A simple apparatus is described that phase randomizes the output of a continuous argon ion laser, so that it may be used as a source of high intensity, monochromatic light for microscopy. The phase-randomizing device can be used with any laser, polarized or unpolarized, and of any desired power output and wavelength, including dye lasers for spectral studies. The randomizing system can be adapted to any light microscope and any optical system including bright-field, phase-contrast, Nomarski differential-interference, dark-field, and split-beam interference systems such as the Jamin-Lebedeff System. It can be used for a variety of photometric and photographic studies. The 514-nm wavelength appears to be relatively harmless to a variety of cells.
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