Pulsed Laser Deposition method (PLD) was used to grow nitinol (NiTi) thin films with goal of investigating their biocompatibility. High purity Ni and Ti targets were alternatively ablated in vacuum with a laser beam (λ=355 nm, 10 Hz) and the material was collected on room temperature Ti substrates. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses have been performed to investigate the chemical composition, crystalline structure and surface morphology of the NiTi films. The nitinol layers biocompatibility has been tested using as a metric the extent to which the cells adhere during the culture period on the surface of NiTi layers deposited on Ti substrates. Vero and fibroblast cell lines dispersed into MEM (Eagle) solution containing 8% fetal bovine serum, at 37° C, were used for tests. Preliminary studies indicate that the interaction at the interface is specifically controlled by the surface morphology, (especially by surface roughness), and by the chemical state of the surface. Cell behavior after contact with NiTi/Ti structure for different intervals (18, 22 and 25 days for the Vero cells, and after 10 and 25 days for fibroblasts) supports the conclusion that NiTi is a very good candidate as a biocompatible material.
The electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a machining process based on pulsed electrical discharge effects, which appear between the electrode tool and the workpiece. One may say that the electrical discharge machining is one of the most frequently used nonconventional processes, allowing the obtaining of surfaces which cannot be otherwise achieved through classical machining methods. The electrical discharge machining is also used in order to manufacture hard and extra-hard materials; this process is used to obtain pieces with complex shapes, which would otherwise be difficult or even impossible to obtain, by the use of classical machining methods. The profiled surfaces can be classified according to the final service role. In this respect one may mention threaded, spherical, conical or polygonal surfaces as profiled surfaces. The threaded surfaces could be obtained by classical methods and nonconventional machining methods, among which cutting machining and plastic deformation as classical machining methods are worth mentioning.
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