Earthquake risk is defined as the product of hazard and vulnerability studies. The main aims of earthquake risk management are to make plans and apply those for reducing human losses and protect properties from earthquake hazards. Natural risk managers are studying to identify and manage the risk from an earthquake for highly populated urban areas. They want to put some strategic plans for this purpose. Risk managers need some input about these kinds of studies. The prediction of earthquake events such as a input for preparation of earthquake risk management strategy plans were tried to find in this study. A Bayesian approach to earthquake hazard rate estimation is studied and magnitudes of historical earthquakes is used to predict the probability of occurrence of major earthquakes.
In this paper, a finite element technique was used to determine the natural frequencies, and the mode shapes of a circular arch element was based on the curvature, which can fully represent the bending energy and by the equilibrium equations, the shear and axial strain energy were incorporated into the formulation. The treatment of general boundary conditions dose need a consideration when the element is incorporated by the curvature-based formula. This can be obtained by the introduction of a transformation matrix between nodal curvatures and nodal displacements. The equation of the motion for the element was obtained by the Lagrangian equation. Four examples are presented in order to verify the element formulation and its analytical capability.
In this paper, a formulation for shakedown analysis of elastic-plastic offshore structures under cyclic wave loading is presented. In this formulation, a fast numerical solution method is used, suitable for the Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis of large offshore structures on which shear effects in addition to bending and axial effects are taken into account. The Morison equation is adopted for converting the velocity and acceleration terms into resultant forces and it is extended to consider arbitrary orientations of the structural members. The theoretical methods of the shakedown analysis are discussed in detail and the formulation is applied to an offshore structure to verify the concept employed and its analytical capabilities.
The use of single-storey schemes appears necessary in order to investigate lateral-torsional coupling in building structures. In this paper, the torsional behaviour of an eccentric single-storey system based on undamped free vibration analysis has been investigated with particular emphasis on double eccentricities. An eccentricity between the center of rigidity and the center of mass in a building system causes the different torsional behaviour during a seismic loading. This approach reveals clearly how the double eccentric system behaves in relationship with the natural frequencies and modes and translational or torsional motion of the modeling system. From the parametric analysis of such an approach the determinative role of the distance from the center of mass to the center of rotation corresponding to the torsional and lateral stiffness ratio of the system becomes an obvious means of defining the torsional behaviour. From the outcome of applying the model, the building model can be classified as Torsionally Stiff (TS) and Torsionally Flexible (TF) based on the way the model has been configured in terms of the loci of the centers of rotation.
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